The treatise mainly deals with the Polish philosopher Brzozowski's thought. It sketches his life and writings and discusses his relations to Orthodox Marx ism. The recent research reveals him as inclined to Western Marx ism. However, unlike other thinkers of Western Marxism such as Lukács and Gramsci his intellectual position was controversial and not unquestionably accepted by the Western world. The reason may be found in his overwhelming devotion to the study of Polish arts, literature and nationhood. Polish nationalism was more close to his heart than Marxism. Thus, he was stripped of the name of a Marxist by official Marxism which condemned and treated him as a deviator and betrayer due to his idea blended with classical German Idealism. The above-mentioned controversy may be clarified through revisit of his theory of history and practice. This article aims at illuminations and evaluations by Brzozowski's contribution to Marxism.