This study, based on a perspective of historical sociology, explores the historical development of Taiwanese Folk Sports and its social meaning. The result shows that on one hand Taiwanese Folk Sports could be an efficient instrument of cultural diplomacy, on the other it is placed at the lower position. The guide of government policy and the advancement of school physical education contribute Taiwanese Folk Sports to the movement of sports for all. However, Taiwanese Folk Sports still acts as a foil to the temple festival activities and the formal school sports. The developmental trend of Taiwanese Folk Sports differs from western athletic sports. The inheritance happens on the developmental process of Taiwanese Folk Sports because of the different cognitions from different ruling political parties. Besides, Taiwanese Folk Sports itself faces some straits and problems to carry out-lack of qualified teachers, for example. Finally, the essence of Taiwanese Folk Sports becomes variation by following its entertaining, folk customary, athletic transition.