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引文資料
題名:
葡萄牙「不完全議會化的半總統制」:制度與非制度的分析
書刊名:
政治科學論叢
作者:
顏煌庭
作者(外文):
Yan, Huang-ting
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
60
頁次:
頁85-120
主題關鍵詞:
葡萄牙
;
芬蘭
;
半總統制
;
不完全議會化
;
Finland
;
Incomplete parliamentarization
;
Portugal
;
Semi-presidentialism
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:
94
點閱:23
本文透過「議會化指標」的建構,從制度因素與非制度因素分別檢驗修憲後的葡萄牙是否在這兩面向朝向議會化的方向運作,導出葡萄牙屬於「不完全議會化的半總統制」。1974年康乃馨革命,葡萄牙進入半總統制家族。1982年葡萄牙進行大幅度修憲,總統影響力下降。然而,「制度的不完全議會化」導致總統持續扮演否決者的角色。另一方面,「總理總統化」與政黨體系轉型則導致「非制度的議會化」,鞏固內閣與國會之間的關係。奠基於葡萄牙的實證經驗,本文也探討制度與非制度其中一類的議會化,對於半總統制演化的啟發。套用「議會化指標」檢驗芬蘭半總統制演化方向,透過葡萄牙與芬蘭的比較,導出「議會化的半總統制」關鍵在於制度因素。然而,「制度的不完全議會化下」,總統的實質影響力會受到「非制度的議會化」限制。本文結論對於「跨國性案例檢驗」、「總統化指標建構」、權力朝向總統、內閣還是國會運作,或半總統制國家的民主穩定研究都有重要的關聯。
以文找文
This study assesses whether Portugal moved toward institutional and non-institutional parliamentarization following constitutional change by constructing indicators of parliamentarization, showing that Portugal developed an "incomplete parliamentarized semi-presidentialism." Due to the outbreak of Carnation Revolution at 1976, Portugal entered into the family of semi-presidentialism. After constitutional reform in 1982, the powers of the president under new constitutional framework decreased. However, "incomplete institutional parliamentarization" meant that presidents were still veto players. In addition, "complete non-institutional parliamentarization" consolidated the relationship between cabinet and parliament through prime ministerial presidentialization and the transformation of party system. Based on the experience in Portugal, the article also addresses the relationship between complete institutional or non-institutional parliamentarization and the transformation of semi-presidentialism. After applying indicators of parliamentarization to Finland and comparing with the case of Portugal, the article concludes that institutional rather than non-institutional factors contribute to "complete parliamentarized semi-presidentialism." However, presidential effects under "incomplete institutional parliamentarization" can be restricted by "complete non-institutional parliamentarization." For future research, these results can be applied to cross-national case studies, indicators of presidentialization, power distribution between presidents, cabinets or parliaments and democratic stability in semi-presidential countries.
以文找文
期刊論文
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延伸查詢
5.
Arter, David(1999)。From Class Party to Catchall Party?: The Adaptation of the Finnish Agrarian-Center Party。Scandinavian Political Studies,22(2),157-180。
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Arter, David.(2007)。The End of the Social Democratic Hegemony? The March 2007 Finnish General Election。West European Politics,30(5),1148-1157。
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Arter, David.(2011)。Taking the Gilt off the Conservativesâ Gingerbread: The April 2011 Finnish General Election。West European Politics,34(6),1284-1295。
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Corkill, David.(1996)。Portugal Votes for Change and Stability: The Election of 1995。West European Politics,19(2),403-409。
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17.
Jalali, Carlos、Patricia Silva、Sandra Silva.(2012)。Givers and Takers: Parties, State Resources and Civil Society in Portugal。Party Politics,18(1),61-80。
18.
Jyranki, Antero.(2007)。President Element in Government: Finland: Foreign Affairs as the Last Stronghold of the Presidency。European Constitutional Law Re^ie^ws,3(2),285-306。
19.
Laakso, Markku、Rein Taagepera.(1979)。Effectiveâ Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe。Comparative Political Studies,12(1),3-27。
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Leston(2001)。The Portuguese Parliament During the First Two Decades of Democracy。West European Politics,24(1),137-156。
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Lisi, Marco.(2010)。The Renewal of the Socialist Majority: The 2009 Portuguese Legislative Elections。West European Politics,33(2),381-388。
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Lobo, Marina C.(2001)。The Role of Political Parties in Portuguese Democratic Consolidation。Party Politics,7(5),643-653。
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Martins, Ana.(2006)。The Portuguese Semi-Presidential System: About Law in the Books and Law in Action。European Constitutional Law Review,2(1),81-100。
24.
Mattila, Mikko(1997)。From Qualified Majority to Simple Majority: The Effects of the 1992 Change in the Finnish Constitution。Scandinavian Political Studies,20(4),331-347。
25.
Neto, Octavio A.、Marina C. Lobo.(2009)。Portugals semi-presidentialism (re)considered: An assessment of the presidentâs role in the policy process, 1976-2006。European Journal of Political Research,48(2),234-255。
26.
Raunio, Tapio(2004)。The Changing Finnish Democracy: Stronger Parliamentary Accountability, Coalescing Political Parties and Weaker External Constraints。Scandinavian Political Studies,27(2),133-152。
27.
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28.
Paloheimo, Heikki(2003)。The Rising Power of the Prime Minister in Finland。Scandinavian Political Studies,26(3),219-243。
29.
郝培芝(20130300)。半總統制的演化:總統化與內閣不穩定。問題與研究,52(1),101-141。
延伸查詢
30.
Katz, Richard S.、Mair, Peter(1995)。Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party。Party Politics,1(1),5-28。
31.
沈有忠(20100600)。半總統制的崩潰、延續與轉型:威瑪共和與芬蘭的憲政比較。問題與研究,49(2),99-130。
延伸查詢
32.
郝培芝(20100600)。法國半總統制的演化:法國2008年修憲的憲政影響分析。問題與研究,49(2),65-98。
延伸查詢
33.
吳玉山(20110300)。半總統制:全球發展與研究議程。政治科學論叢,47,1-32。
延伸查詢
34.
陳宏銘、梁元棟(2007)。半總統制的形成與演化:台灣、法國、波蘭與芬蘭的比較研究。台灣民主季刊,4(4),27~69。
延伸查詢
會議論文
1.
Kreppel, Amie.(2004)。Politics, Parties and Policy: The Impact of Electoral and Institutional Reform in Italy。annual meeting of the American Political Science Association。
圖書
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Laver, Michael、Kenneth A. Shepsle.(1994)。Cabinet ministers and government formation in parliamentary democracies。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
2.
Warrick, Paul V.(1994)。Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
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Samuels, David J.、Shugart, Matthew S.(2010)。Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers: How the Separation of Powers Affects Party Organization and Behavior。Cambridge University Press。
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Shugart, Matthew S.、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamic。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。
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其他
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McMenamin, I.(2008)。Semi-presidentialism and Democratization in Poland。Semi-presidentialism in Central and Eastern Europe。Manchester:Manchester University Press。
2.
Elgie, Robert.(2001)。Cohabitationâ: Divided Government French-Style。Divided Government in Comparative Perspective。New York:Oxford University Press。
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Jalali, Carlos.(2011)。The President is Not a Passenger: Portugalâs Evolving Semi-Presidentialism。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy。New York:Palgrave Macmillan。
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Kirchheimer, Otto(1990)。The Catch-All Party。The West European Party System。New York:Oxford University Press。
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Lobo, Marina C.(2005)。The Presidentialization of Portuguese Democracy?" In The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies,eds。Thomas Poguntke and Paul Webb。New York:Oxford University Press。
6.
Lobo, Marina C.、Antonio C. Pinto、Pedro Magalhaes.(2011)。The Political Institutions of Portuguese Democracy。Portugal in the Twenty-First Century: Politics, Society, and Economics,。New York:Lexington Books。
7.
Magone, Jose M.(1998)。Portugal: Party System Installation and Consolidation。Changing Party Systems in Western Europe,。London:Pinter。
8.
Magone, Jose M.(2000)。Portugal: The Rationale of Democratic Regime Building。Coalition Governments in Western Europe,。New York:Oxford University Press。
9.
Neto, Octavio A.(2003)。Portugal: Changing Patterns of Delegation and Accountability under the Presidentâs Watchful Eyes。Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies。New York:Oxford University Press。
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Nousiainen, Jaakko(2000)。Finland: The Consolidation of Parliamentary Governance。Coalition Governments in Western Europe。New York:Oxford University Press。
11.
Paloheimo, Heikki.(2005)。Finland: Let the Force Be with the Leader. But Who Is the Leader?" In The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies。The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies。New York:Thomas Poguntke Oxford University Press。
12.
Pasquino, Gianfranco.(2001)。The New Campaign Politics in Southern Europe。Parties, Politics and Democracy in the New Europe,。Baltimore:Johns Hopkins Press。
13.
Poguntke, Thomas、Paul Webb.(2005)。The Presidentialization of the Presidentialization of Politics in Democratic Societies: Politics in Democratic Societies: A Framework for Analysis." In The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies, eds。The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies。New York:Thomas Poguntke Oxford University Press。
14.
Paloheimo, Heikki(2001)。Divided Government in Finland: From a Semi-Presidential to a Parliamentary Democracy。Divided Government in Comparative Perspective。New York:Oxford University Press。
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