明代中葉王學風行天下，卻仍改變不了國家衰敗覆亡的事實。客觀來說明亡原因很複雜，但出於士人主觀的自責心態，認為政治衰敗必源自學術風氣敗壞，所有矛頭便指向王學，而有陽明學亡天下之說。這個對王學的批判，從一開始對內聖問題層面的質疑，隨著明代的衰敗覆亡，也涵蓋了「宋明儒學是否真的空談天道性命，無益於現實政治民生？」此外王面向的思考。原本肇端於對王學的批判，最後一發不可收拾，甚至動搖整個宋明理學的心性傳統，造成「典範轉移」。這個對王學的批判、省察與救正是明清之際學者的時代課題，由此引發儒學內聖與外王層面的重要哲學論辯。這些論辯多半肇端於東林學派，並對明末清初思想造成巨大影響。本文從陽明學說內部的問題說起，再透過東林學派對王學的批評，展示當時主要的哲學問題，以作為理解明清之際儒學困境的背景。

In Mid-Ming Dynasty, The Yang-Ming's teachings was popular, still could not change the fact of nation's decay fall of an empire. Objectively speaking, the reason for the demise of the Ming Dynasty was very complicated. But for scholars subjective guilt mentality, they believed the decline will be from academic atmosphere of political corruption. They are all pointing accusing objects with Wang Yangming academic. So there is this judgment that Wang, Yang-Ming academic ruined the world. From the beginning level for Xin Xing Xue questioned, with the fall of the Ming Dynasty's decline, but also covers the ”Neo-confucianism really talk about Heaven lives useless in the real political livelihood?”-This realpolitik-oriented thinking. Formed a ”paradigm shift.” The criticism, introspection and rescue of Wang, Yang-Ming academic is the era of the Ming and Qing scholars topic. Most of these debates began in Donglin School. These ideas formed on the thoughts in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty tremendous impact. This article talks about the internal problems of Yangming doctrine, then through the school of Donglin School criticising Wang Yangming doctrine, and I wanted to show the main philosophical problems. As to understand the background of Confucian plight in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.