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題名：Comparing Semi-Presidentialism in the ROC and the Russian Federation
書刊名：政治學報
作者：wu,yu-shan 引用關係
出版日期：1998
卷期：30
頁次：頁123-186
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:168
  • 點閱點閱:29
This paper takes an institutional approach to compare the constitutional reforms in the Republic of China and the Russian Federation. It first develops a triangular perspective to analyze various government forms, and comes up with the conclusion that semi-presidentialism is prone to conflict between the president and the parliament over control of government, and that a semi-presidential system with a dominant president may provide presidential power as strong as under a presidential system. It then depicts the development of the constitutional order in the Russian Federation and the ROC, demonstrating that there are striking similarities between the two cases: Leninist past, democratic transition, assertive parliament, direct election of the president, and substantial presidential powers. This brings about semi-presidentialism and its inherent conflict: the 1993 October putsch in Russia, and the parliamentary refusal to recognize the premier in Taiwan in 1996-97. Similar desire to keep firm presidential control over government promopted Boris Yeltsin and Lee Teng-hui to amend the constitution, and brought about a semi-presidential system dominated by the president. However, similar institutional arrangements do not guarantee the ROC president can exercise the same power, for besides the Russian model there are the French Fifth Republic model and the Weimar Republic model that lead to different outcomes. Taiwan’s constitutional future thus remains uncertain. Institutional comparison between East Asia and Eastern Europe is rare in the field of comparative politics. The few works done are concentrated in comparing economic reforms, political decline, democratizaion, and consolidation of democracy in the two areas. As the third-wave democracies in East Asia and Eastern Europe have gradually matured, it becomes meaningful to study how their nascent democratic institutions function, and to make comparisons. This paper sets out to examine the analytical frameworks in the field, and comp up with a triangular perspective to analyze the constitutional order of the Republic of China (ROC) after the 1997 amendments, and the 1993 constitutional system of the Russian Federation. The two cases are chosen for they both belong to the category of “semi-presidentialism,” a constitutional order that goes between the British-style “parliamentary” system and the American-style “presidentialism,” and has been popular among the “third-wave democracies” when they chose their constitutional system. A comparative study of the Taiwanese and Russian cases may shed light on the interaction of political institution and the functioning of nascent democracies.
期刊論文
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2.許湘濤(19961200)。俄羅斯的政治發展--一九九○至一九九六。問題與研究，35(12)，29-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Slay, Ben(1994)。Rapid versus Gradual Economic Transition。RFE/RL Research Report，3(31)，31-42。  new window
4.Horowitz, Donald L.(1990)。Comparing Democratic Systems。Journal of Democracy，1(4)，73-79。  new window
5.吳玉山(19921200)。The collapse of the soviet Union--A Crises and Sequences Approach。政治科學論叢，4，179-223。new window  new window
6.Crawford, Beverly、Lijphart, Arend(1995)。Explaining Political and Economic Change in Post-Communist Eastern Europe。Comparative Political Studies，28(2)，171-199。  new window
7.Duverger, Maurice(1980)。A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government。European Journal of Political Research，8(2)，165-187。  new window
8.Easter, Gerald M.(1997)。Preference for presidentialism: Postcommunist regime change in Russia and the NIS。World Politics，49(2)，184-211。  new window
9.吳東野(19960800)。「半總統制」政府體系的理論與實際。問題與研究，35(8)，37-49。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Wu, Yu Shan(1989)。Marketization of Politics: The Taiwan Experience。Asian Survey，29(4)，382-400。  new window
11.吳玉山(19971200)。歐洲後共產社會的政治制度變遷：以俄羅斯聯邦為例。美歐季刊，12(4)=132，89-145+Ⅳ-Ⅴ。  延伸查詢new window
12.周陽山(19960800)。總統制、議會制、半總統制與政治穩定。問題與研究，35(8)，50-61。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.O'Neil, Patrick H.(1996)。Revolution from Within: Institutional Analysis, Transitions form Authoritarianism, and the Case of Hungary。World Politics，48(4)，579-603。  new window
14.Orttung, Robert W.(1996)。Duma Elections Bolster Leftist Opposition。Transition，2(4)。  new window
15.Rutland, Peter(1996)。Russia: The Purge of the Generals。OMRI Analytical Brief，1(201)。  new window
16.Brudny, Yitzhak M.(1997)。In Pursuit of the Russian Presidency: Why and How Yeltsin Won the 1996 Presidential Election?。Communist and Post-Communist Studies，30(3)，255-275。  new window
17.(1998)。When Boris Banged the Table。The Economist。  new window
18.Lyle, Robert(1998)。Russia: Camdessus To Brief Board On Talks With Chernomyrdin。RFE/ RL，8。  new window
19.Zhigalkin, Yuri、Frost, Matthew(19980828)。Russia: Currency Crisis Endangers Reform Process。RFE/RL，8。  new window
會議論文
1.吳玉山(1994)。Economic Reform under Different Political Context: Poland and the PRC。Annual meeting of the International Studies Association。Washington, D.C.。  new window
2.Rockman, Bert A.(1997)。Separation? Fusion? Or Hybridization? The Menu of Constitutional Choice。Workshop on Institutional Choice。Taipei。  new window
3.Veser, Ernst(1997)。Semipresidentialism-Duverger's Concept: A New Political System Model。Taipei。  new window
4.Bahro, H. H.(1997)。Virtues and Vices of Semi-Presidential Government。Constitutional Choice Round Table，(會議日期: 1997/05/31)。Taipei。  new window
5.林繼文(1998)。半總統制下的三角政治均衡。「政治制度：理論與現實」學術研討會。臺北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
6.吳玉山(1993)。Nationalism, Democratization, and Economic Reform。0。  new window
7.吳玉山(1998)。Moving towards the Center: Taiwan's Public Opinion and Mainland Policy in Shift。Vancouver。  new window
8.Achen, Christopher H.、徐永明、Kuo, Su-Feng(1997)。The Impact of the Straits Crisis on Taiwan's Presidential Election: China's Coercion Backfires。Washington, DC。  new window
9.Geddes, Barbara(1993)。Institutional Choice in Post-Communist Eastern Europe。1993 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association。Washington, DC。  new window
10.McFaul, M.(1995)。Prospects for Democratic Consolidation in Russia。International conference on Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies: Trends and Challenges。Taipei。  new window
11.呂亞力(19970823)。The Transformation of the Role of the President in Taiwan's Constitutional Evolution。Institutional Choice Workshop，Chinese Association of Political Science 。Taipei。  new window
研究報告
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圖書
1.Hastrup, Kirsten(1992)。Introduction。Other Histories。London, UK：New York, NY：Routledge。  new window
2.Tien, H. M.(1989)。The Great Transition: Politic and Social Change in Republic of China。Stanford：Hoover Institute Press。  new window
3.Stark, David、Nee, Victor(1989)。Remaking the Economic Institutions of Socialism: China and Eastern Europe。Stanford, California：Stanford University Press。  new window
4.Diamond, Larry、Plattner, Marc F.、Chu, Yun-han、Tien, Hung-mao(1997)。Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies: Trends and Challenges。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
5.Shugart, Matthew S.、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamic。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Walder, Andrew G.(1995)。The Waning of the Communist State: Economic Origins of Political Decline in China and Hungary。Berkeley, CA：University of California Press。  new window
7.Wu, Yu-Shan(1994)。Comparative Economic Transformations--Mainland China, Hungary, the Soviet Union, and Taiwan。Stanford, California：Stanford University Press。  new window
8.Pei, Minxin(1994)。From Reform to Revolution: The Demise of Communism in China and the Soviet Union。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。  new window
9.Friedrich, Carl J.、Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.(1963)。Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy。New York：Praeger。  new window
10.郭正亮(1998)。民進黨轉型之痛。臺北：遠見天下文化出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
11.Przeworski, Adam(1991)。Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America。Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.吳玉山(19950000)。共產世界的變遷：四個共黨政權的比較。臺北：東大。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.吳玉山(19960000)。遠離社會主義：中國大陸、蘇聯和波蘭的經濟轉型。臺北：正中。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.吳玉山(1997)。抗衡或扈從：兩岸關係新詮--從前蘇聯看臺灣與中國大陸間的關係。臺北：正中書局。  延伸查詢new window
15.(1998)。The Republic of China 1998 Yearbook。The Republic of China 1998 Yearbook。Taipei。  new window
16.Tong, Yanqi(1997)。Transitions from State Socialism: Economic and Political Change in China and Hungary。Lanham, Maryland：Rowman and Littlefield。  new window
17.Sakwa, Richard(1996)。Russian Politics and Society。Routledge。  new window
18.Yeltsin, Boris(1995)。總統筆記。總統筆記。Beijing, PRC。  延伸查詢new window
19.Hough, Jerry F.、Davidheiser, Evelyn、Lehmann, Susan Goodrich(1996)。The 1996 Russian Presidential Election。Washington, DC：The Brookings Institution Press。  new window
其他
1.CNN(1998)。Russian Government, Opposition Sign Deal Aimed at Taming Crisis，0。  new window
2.CNN(1998)。Communists Say They Will Block Confirmation of Russian Premier，0。  new window
3.CNN(1998)。Chernomyrdin Loses again in Russian，0。  new window
4.CNN(1998)。In Compromise, Yeltsin Nominates Primakov，0。  new window
5.CNN(1998)。Primakov Confirmed as Russian Prime Minister: Economy Awaits Action，0。  new window
圖書論文
1.Huntington, Samuel P.(1993)。Democracy's Third Wave。The Global Resurgence of Democracy。Baltimore, MD：The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
2.Linz, Juan J.(1994)。Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Differnce?。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspective。Baltimore：John Hopkins University Press。  new window
3.Blondel, Jean(1992)。Dual Leadership in the Contemporary World。Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government。Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Suleiman, Ezra N.(1994)。Presidentialism and Political Stability in France。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives。Baltimore, MD：John Hopkins University Press。  new window
5.Wiarda, Howard J.(1985)。Comparative Politics Past and Present。New Directions in Comparative Politics。Boulder, CO：Westview。  new window
6.Malle, Silvana(1994)。Privatization in Russia: Options and Transaction Costs。The Post-communist Economic Transformation。Boulder, Colorado：Westview。  new window
 
 
 
 
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