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題名:美國「分立政府」運作的爭議:以公共行政與政策為例
書刊名:歐美研究
作者:吳重禮 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Chung-li
出版日期:2002
卷期:32:2
頁次:頁271-316
主題關鍵詞:分立政府政黨政治分裂投票政策制定政策執行Divided governmentParty governmentSplit-ticket votingPolicy-makingPolicy-implementation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(24) 博士論文(2) 專書(2) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:15
  • 共同引用共同引用:134
  • 點閱點閱:259
     近十年來,探討「分立政府」與「一致政府」相關議題已成為美國政治學界研究的主流之一。鑑於分立政府的研究具有重要理論意涵及實際政治參考價值,本文著重於公共類政與政策的面向,旨在檢視分立政府與一致政府運作的影響差異。其主要呈現在八個面向:其一,法案制定過程的順暢與否;其二,法案品質良窳的爭辯;其三,國防政策與外交政策的擬定;其四,不同政策法案之間的「延續性」爭議;其五,總體經濟表現的差異,以及財政赤字竄升的問題;其六,推動社會福利制度難易的爭議;其七,議會的監督權限,是否對於行政部門過度行使調查權;其八,議會對於行政部門進行「細部控制」,降低行政體系效率的問題。關於一致政府與分立政府之體制運作及其影響,儘管學者提出不同的評價與論述,但是迄今仍未發展出一套周全的學說,足以為多數學界所認同。換言之,相對於一致政府的運作,分立政府是否較易導致「政策滯塞」、「停頓」與「缺乏效率」,以及行政與立法部門之間的「僵局」,仍是眾說紛紜,莫衷一是。在結語中,本文認分立政府應可成為研究公共行政與政策的另一領域,而且分立政府為值得學界繼續關注的重要課題。
     In the past decade, research on "divided government" and "unified government" has become one of the salient issues in American politics. In light of the important theoretical implications of this field, this study focuses on public administration and policy, examining the consequences for it of divided and unified government. The paper examines the following issues: 1) whether or not the process of lawmaking experiences gridlock; 2) arguments on the quality of legislation; 3) the conduct of defense and foreign policies under divided government; 4)debates about coherence across policies; 5) differences in macroeconomic performance and the problem of rising fiscal deficits; 6) arguments on the promotion of social welfare; 7) highly public investigations in which congressional committees expose alleged misbehavior in the executive branch; and, 8) Congress's thrust toward "micromanaging" the executive branch, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of the administration. Research on the consequences of divided government has produced some interesting findings and stimulated several lively controversies. In other words, the question-do policy gridlock, stalemate, deadlock, and inefficiency arise under divided government?- remains contentious. This study concludes that divided government is an important issue in the study of public administration and policy, and is deserving of further academic attention from a comparative perspective.
期刊論文
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7.吳重禮(19990900)。美國聯邦政府老人行政署的功能及其執行支出之影響因素評析。美歐季刊,13(3)=135,261-285。  延伸查詢new window
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15.Mattei, Franco、Howes, John S.(2000)。Competing Explanations of Split--Ticket Voting in American National Election。American Politics Quarterly,28(3),379-407。  new window
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17.Sundquist, James L.(1980)。The Crisis of Competence in Our National Government。Political Science Quarterly,95(2),183-208。  new window
18.Weatherford, M. Stephen(1994)。Responsiveness and Deliberation in Divided Government: Presidential Leadership in Tax Policy Making。British Journal of Political Science,24(1),1-31。  new window
19.Shugart, Matthew S.(199506)。The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Presidential Government。American Political Science Review,89(2),327-343。  new window
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21.Edwards, George C. III、Barrett, Andrew、Peake, Jeffrey(1997)。The Legislative Impact of Divided Government。American Journal of Political Science,41(2),545-563。  new window
22.Alt, James E.、Lowry, Robert C.(1994)。Divided Government, Fiscal Institutions, and Budget Deficits: Evidence from the States。American Political Science Review,88(4),811-828。  new window
23.Coleman, John J.(19991200)。Unified Government, Divided Government, and Party Responsiveness。American Political Science Review,93(4),821-835。  new window
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27.Cutler, Lloyd N.(1988)。Some Reflections about Divided Government。Presidential Studies Quarterly,18(3),485-492。  new window
28.Cutler, Lloyd N.(1980)。To Form a Government: On the Defects of Separation of Powers。Foreign Affairs,59(1),126-143。  new window
29.Beck, Pual Allen、Baum, Lawrence、Clausen, Aage R.、Smith, Charles E. Jr.(1992)。Patterns and Sources of Ticket Splitting in Subpresidential Voting。American Political Science Review,86(4),916-928。  new window
30.許增如(19990300)。一九九六年美國大選中的分裂投票行為:兩個議題模式的探討。歐美研究,29(1),83-126。new window  延伸查詢new window
31.黃紀、吳重禮(20001200)。臺灣地區縣市層級「分立政府」影響之初探。臺灣政治學刊,4,105-147。new window  延伸查詢new window
32.吳重禮(20000300)。美國「分立性政府」研究文獻之評析:兼論臺灣地區的政治發展。問題與研究,39(3),75-101。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.吳重禮(19980600)。美國「分立性政府」與「一致性政府」體制運作之比較與評析。政治科學論叢,9,61-89。new window  延伸查詢new window
34.Bawn, K.(1999)。Voter responses to electoral complexity: Ticket splitting, rational voters and representation in Federal Republic of Germany。British Journal of Political Science,29(3),487-505。  new window
35.Bugarin, M. S.(1999)。Vote Splitting as Insurance Against Uncertainty。Public Choice,98(1),153-169。  new window
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37.Petracca, Mark P.、Bailey, Lonce、Smith, Pamela(1990)。Proposals for constitutional reform: An evaluation of the Committee on Constitutional System。Presidential Studies Quarterly,20(3),503-532。  new window
圖書
1.Gormley, William T. Jr.(1989)。Taming The Bureaucracy: Muscles, Prayers, and Other Strategies。Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press。  new window
2.Fiorina, Morris(1996)。Divided Government。New York:Macmillan。  new window
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7.Hardin, Charles M.(1989)。Constitutional Reform in America。Ames, IA:Iowa State University Press。  new window
8.King, Gary、Ragsdale, Lyn(1988)。The Elusive Executive: Discovering Statistical Patterns in the Presidency。Washington, DC:Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
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11.Robinson, Donald L.(1989)。Government for the Third American Century。Boulder:Westview Press。  new window
12.Tarrance, V. Lance、De Vries, Walter、Mosher, Donna L.(1998)。Checked & Balanced: How Ticket-Splitters Are Shaping the New Balance of Power in American Politics。Grand Rapids, MI:William B. Eerdmans。  new window
13.Van Assendelft, Laura A.(1997)。Governors, Agenda Setting, and Divided Government。New York:University Press of America。  new window
14.Waterman, Richard W.(1989)。Presidential Influence and the Administrative State。Knoxville, TN:University of Tennessee Press。  new window
15.Wattenberg, Martin P.(1990)。The Decline of American Political Parties。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
16.Wattenberg, Martin P.(1991)。The Rise of Candidate Centered Politics: Presidential Elections of the 1980s。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。  new window
17.Epstein, Leon D.(1967)。Political Parties in Western Democracies。New York:Praeger。  new window
18.Kernell, Samuel(1993)。Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership。Washington, DC:Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
19.Neustadt, Richard E.(1990)。Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents。New York:Free Press。  new window
20.Alesina, Alberto、Rosenthal, Howard(1995)。Partisan Politics, Divided Government, and the Economy。New York:Cambridge University Press。  new window
21.Jones, Charles O.(1994)。The Presidency in a Separated System。Brookings Institution Press。  new window
22.Mayhew, David R.(1991)。Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations, 1946-1990。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
23.Krehbiel, Keith(1998)。Pivotal Politics: A Theory of U.S. Lawmaking。Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press。  new window
24.Sundquist, James L.(1986)。Constitutional Reform and Effective Government。Washington, D.C.:Brookings Institution。  new window
25.Ripley, Randall B.、Franklin, Grace A.(1991)。Congress, the Bureaucracy and Public Policy。Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.。  new window
26.Epstein, Leon D.(1986)。Political Parties in the American Mold。Madison, WI:University of Wisconsin Press。  new window
27.Wilson, James Q.(1989)。Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do it?。Basic Books。  new window
28.胡佛(1998)。憲政結構與政府體制。臺北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
29.Arnold, R. Douglas(1979)。Congress and the Bureaucracy: A theory of Influence。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
30.Ripley, Randall B.(1969)。Majority Party Leadership in Congress。Boston:Little, Brown and Company。  new window
31.Ripley, Randall B.(1983)。Congress: Process and Policy。New York:W. W. Norton。  new window
32.Key, V. O., Jr.(1964)。Politics, Parties, & Pressure Groups。Politics, Parties, & Pressure Groups。New York, NY。  new window
33.Peterson, M. A.、Peterson, Mark A.(1990)。Legislating together: The White House and Capitol Hill from Eisenhower and Reagan。Legislating together: The White House and Capitol Hill from Eisenhower and Reagan。Cambridge, MA。  new window
34.Wattenberg, M. P.(1991)。The Republican presidential advantage in the age of party disunity。The politics of divided government。Boulder, CO。  new window
圖書論文
1.McCubbins, Mathew D.(1991)。Government on Lay Away: Federal Spending and Deficits Under Divided Party Control。The Politics of Divided Government。Boulder, CO.:Westview Press。  new window
2.Cohen, Jeffrey E.、Collier, Ken(1999)。Public Opinion: Reconceptualizing Going Public。Presidential Policymaking: An End-of-Century Assessment。Armonk, NY:M. E. Sharpe。  new window
3.Cox, Gary W.、McCubbins, Mathew D.(1991)。Divided Control of Fiscal Policy。The Politics of Divided Government。Boulder, CO:Westview Press。  new window
4.Fiorina, Morris P.(1991)。Divided Government in the States。The Politics of Divided Government。Westview Press。  new window
5.Milkis, Sidney M.(1999)。Political Parties and Divided Democracy。Presidential Policymaking: An End-of-Century Assessment。Armonk, NY:M.E. Sharpe。  new window
6.Quirk, Paul J.、Nesmith, Bruce(1994)。Explaining Deadlock: Domestic Policymaking in the Bush Presidency。New Perspective on American Politics。Washington, DC:Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
7.Linz, Juan J.(1994)。Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Differnce?。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspective。Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press。  new window
8.Stewart, Charles H.(1991)。Lessons from the Post-Civil War Era。The Politics of Divided Government。Boulder, CO:Westview Press。  new window
9.Petrocik, John R.(1991)。Divided Government: Is It All in the Campaigns?。The Politics of Divided Government。Boulder, CO:Westview Press。  new window
10.Pfiffner, James P.(1991)。Divided Government and the Problem of Governance。Divided Democracy: Cooperation and Conflict Between the President and Congress。Congressional Quarterly Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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