Legal-rational type of bureaucracy and school zoning make public elementary schools inefficient monopolies in Taiwan. Free market competition makes pre-school education efficient, but opportunities of access to quality education are not necessarily equal. So it is important to consider how to prevent administrative intervention from being inefficient and how to protect individuals'equal opportunities in free markets when thinking about education reform. This research focuses on the school privatization and textbook reform in elementary schools and educational vouchers in pre-school education. These reforms are analyzed from comparative perspectives of administrative intervention and market mechanism. After considering both advantages and disadvantages of administrative intervention and market mechanism respectively, educational vouchers and school-based management are proposed as policy alternatives to guarantee the right of education on the one hand, and to improve efficiency and quality of education on the other hand.