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題名：臺灣農會的社會資本形成與政策績效
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：廖坤榮 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liao, Kun-jung
出版日期：2004
卷期：22
頁次：頁181-219
主題關鍵詞：治理；社會資本；政策代理者；共同資源；非政府組織；Governance；Social capital；Policy agent；Common-pool resources；Non-government organizations
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(21) 博士論文(11) 專書(1) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:21
  • 共同引用共同引用:253
  • 點閱點閱:239
　　　　　臺灣農會已有近百年之發展歷史，然而近年來其社會形象欠佳，一時間似變得一文不值，農會往往被與地方派系政治劃上等號，外界紛將其與選舉聯想在一起，農會似已被認定政治性格化。但是，儘管的面臨內在危機與外在撻伐的雙重挑戰，然而，從發展論(Development theory)而言，的過去是臺灣農村發展的重要的角色。況且從政策研究(policy study)的角度而言，農會是政府農村發展的策執行代理者(policy implementation agent)，與政府間成一獨特而有效的「治理機制」(governance)，成功地推機灣農村發展與現代化，因而許多開發中國家，對臺灣農會在農村部門的制度功能暨好奇又羨慕。本文根據「新公共管理」所提出的「治理典範」(governance paradigm)，結合「社會資本論」(social capital theory)，探討臺灣農會歷經一世紀之發展，其多功能、多目標之獨特性，及其與政府所形成一有的「農村發展治理體制」。 正因農會為一「非政府組織」(non-government organizations, NGO)，其與府間獨特的夥伴關係，增強了政府農村發展公共服務供給的職能，農會及其成員(農民)間的信任、認同、規範、網絡等關係，經由府之政治領導，通過政策轉化，適當地轉換為公共服傳送職能(pubic service delivery capability)，並且實質地提升政府農村發展政策績效。因而，當前社會雖一昧地指責農會淪為地方政治與選舉動員之「樁腳」，而其他面臨內部經營管理與外在經濟自由化、金融自由化之嚴峻考驗。然而，農會獨特的組織型態與成員關係，卻發展出獨特的「社會資本」內涵，從而成為政府之「政策代理者」(policy agent)與「政策傳送網絡(policy delivery networks)，其對農村現代化之公共政策執行有正面意義，對其他開發中國家而言，亦深具政策學習功能。因此，未來農會不應有存廢的抉擇，而是如何變革與組織再造的政策考量，這個百年老店如經適當改革，未來應仍能在臺灣農業部門轉型與農村發展持續扮演新的角色。
　　　　　Recently, the image of Farmers Associations in Taiwan (hereafter FAT) is so bad. It seems that this most extensive farmer group, composed of all farmers in the island state, will shortly become worthless. This organization reveals a strong political character as it has been extensively involved in local politics for several decades. Since the early 1990s, FAT has begun to encounter both internal crisis and external challenges. However, in developmental perspective, it has played a significant role in rural development in Taiwan since 1950s. Nevertheless, FAT is still valuable in terms of the role and function because it effectively helps government to successfully promote various programs of rural development. In perspective of policy study, FAT is a policy implementation agent. This farmer organization and the government have formed and unique and effective governance that successfully promoted rural modernization in Taiwan. Policy makers and implementing agencies in developing countries are eager to learn experiences of FAT and try to copy its model for implementing their rural development. Governance approach emphasizes the partnership between governments and non-government organizations that co-produces public services, social capital perspective places emphasis on trust, identification, norms, and social networks which may properly be transformed into delivery and provision of public services. government may make use of social capital that FAT presents and improve capacity of public policies. This paper, which is based on social capital approach, examines the role, function, and policy effectiveness of FAT in rural development and modernization in Taiwan during the past decades. Particularly, trust, norms, cooperation, and social networks embedded in FAT have been transformed into development policy effectiveness by the government. Obviously, FAT with rich social capital has actually played a policy agent since its formation in the 1950s. FAT, as a NPO, is valuable for policy learning for most developing countries. Hence, there should be no consideration of abolishing FAT. FAT should be reformed as a newly renovated farmer organization that will be able to play a significant role in transforming the agricultural sector as well as the development of rural areas in Taiwan.
期刊論文
1.廖坤榮(20020800)。政府與農會組織--治理典範的挑戰。空大行政學報，12，71-112。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Woolcock, M.、Narayan,D.(2000)。Social Capital: Implications for Development, Research, and Policy。World Bank Researcher Observer，15(2)，225-249。  new window
3.Milward, H. B.(1994)。Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State。Public Administration Review，54(1)，73-77。  new window
4.蔡秋榮(1996)。農會信用部管理問題之探討。基層金融，33，123-146。  延伸查詢new window
5.Milward, H. B.(1996)。Symposium on the Hollow State: Capacity, Control and Performance in Interorganizational Settings。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，6(2)，193-195。  new window
6.黃德福、劉華宗(19951100)。農會與地方政治：以臺中縣與高雄縣為例。選舉研究，2(2)，63-82。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Jun, J.、Campodonico, L.(1998)。Globalization and Democratic Governance。Administrative Theory & Praxis，2(4)，478-490。  new window
8.Evans, Peter(1996)。Government Action, Social Capital and Development: Reviewing the Evidence on Synergy。World Development，24(6)，1119-1132。  new window
9.廖坤榮(20020600)。臺灣農會經營管理的困境--網絡理論的分析。政治科學論叢，16，163-189。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.廖坤榮(19970300)。地方農會的改變與調適:農會信用部經營弊端與改革。中國地方自治，50(3)=573，4-14。  延伸查詢new window
11.陳介英(19960300)。臺灣農會信用部的「地方」特質。基層金融，32，217-236。  延伸查詢new window
12.Lin, N.(1982)。Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology。Annual Review of Sociology，24(1)，1-24。  new window
13.Peters, B. Guy、Pierre, John(2002)。Governance without Government? Rethinking Public Administration。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，8(2)，223-243。  new window
14.李宗勳(20020600)。社會資本與社區安全之初探。中國行政評論，11(3)，1-44。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Milward, H. Brinton、Provan, Keith G.(2000)。Governing the Hollow State。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，10(2)，359-379。  new window
16.Rhodes, Robert A. W.(1996)。The New Governance: Governing without Government。Political Studies，44(4)，652-667。  new window
17.Woolcock, Michael(1998)。Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward A Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework。Theory and Society，27(2)，151-208。  new window
18.王中天(20030900)。社會資本（Social Capital）：概念、源起、及現況。問題與研究，42(5)，139-163。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Putnam, Robert D.(1995)。Bowling Alone: American's Declining Social Capital。Journal of Democracy，6(1)，65-78。  new window
20.Coleman, James S.(1988)。Social capital in the creation of human capital。American Journal of Sociology，94(suppl.)，S95-S120。  new window
21.Klijn, E. N.、Koppenjan, J. F. M.(2000)。Public Management and Policy Networks。Public Management，2(2)，1136-1158。  new window
22.丁文郁(2001)。新版農會法之評述。農民組織學刊，3，135-176。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.廖朝賢(1996)。當前農會信用部之危機與轉機。基層金融，32，261-289。  延伸查詢new window
24.Kewell, B.、Hawkins, C.、Ferlie, E.(2002)。From 'Market Umpires' to 'Relationship Managers'。Public Management Review，4(1)，3-22。  new window
會議論文
1.胡忠一(1998)。農會變遷與農會組織革新之方向。嘉義。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.Narayan, Deepa(1999)。Bonds and Bridges: Social Capital and Poverty。Washington, DC：World Bank。  new window
2.Onyx, J.、Leonard, R.(2000)。Rural Renewal and Social Capital: the Case of Sweden and Australia。Sydney, Australia。  new window
圖書
1.郭敏學(1977)。多目標功能的臺灣農會。臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
2.Fukuyama, F.(1995)。Trust: The Social Values and the Creation of Prosperity。New York：Free Press。  new window
3.Kooiman, Jan(1996)。Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions。London：Sage。  new window
4.Inglehart, Ronald(1997)。Modernization and Postmodernization: Culture, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
5.Drucker, P. F.(1993)。Post-Capitalist Society。Butterworth Heinemann。  new window
6.Burt, Ronald S.(1992)。Structural Holes. Cambridge。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
7.Pierre, Jon、Peters, B. Guy(2000)。Governance, Politics and the State。London：New York：Hampshire：Macmillan Press：St. Martin's Press：Houndmills。  new window
8.林南(2001)。Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Rhodes, Robert A. W.(1997)。Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability。Open University Press。  new window
10.Ostrom, Elinor(1990)。Governing The Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.趙永茂(1997)。臺灣地方政治的變遷與特質。臺北：翰蘆出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Putnam, Robert D.、Leonardi, Robert、Nanetti, Raffaella Y.(1993)。Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy。Princeton University Press。  new window
13.Coleman, James Samuel(1990)。Foundations of social Theory。Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
14.陳希煌(1997)。健全農會信用部體制之研究。健全農會信用部體制之研究。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
15.陳勝聰(1979)。臺灣農會組織研究。臺灣農會組織研究。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
16.蔡宏進(1994)。臺灣農會組織結構與功能的演變啟示。強化農民團體服務功能－改進農會組織之研究。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
17.嚴建賢(2001)。臺灣鄉村社會組織研究與發展願景：以農會為例。臺灣鄉村社會組織研究與發展願景：以農會為例。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
18.Huxham, C.、Vangen, S.(2000)。What Makes Partnerships Works。Public-Private Partnership。London, UK。  new window
19.Reynolds, L.(1986)。Economic Growth in the Third World。Economic Growth in the Third World。New Haven。  new window
20.Sklair, L.(1994)。Capitalism & Development。Capitalism & Development。London, UK。  new window
21.Turner, M.、Hulme, D.(1997)。Governance, Administration & Development。Governance, Administration & Development。London, UK。  new window
22.Weisbrand, E.(1989)。Poverty Amidst Plenty。Poverty Amidst Plenty。Boulder。  new window
其他
1.(2002)。臺灣區各級農會年報九十一年版，臺中縣。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Salamon, L. M.(1987)。Partners in Public Service: The Scope and Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations。The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook。Yale University Press。  new window
2.Bourdieu, P.(1986)。The forms of capital。Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education。Greenwood Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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