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題名：多元民主、政治吸納與政策回應：從臺鹼污染案檢視臺灣環保公益團體的政策角色
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：湯京平 引用關係／邱崇原
作者(外文)：Tang, Ching-ping／Chiu, Chung-yuan
出版日期：2007
卷期：19:1
頁次：頁93-127
主題關鍵詞：倡議聯盟；政策網絡；社會運動；市民環境主義；Advocacy coalition；Policy network；Social movement；Civic environmentalism
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(11) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:11
  • 共同引用共同引用:67
  • 點閱點閱:96
慣於維持靜默（quiescence）的社會弱勢族群，可何在民主的政治體系中獲得足夠的代表性，以成就符合其利益的政策方案，實攸關民主政體追求社會正義的能力。1970年代以降，新社會運動的開展，顯示了政府政策不一定就會被特殊利益團體所把持。反之民主政治體制確實可能在市民團體、專業社群以及社會運動人士的奔走下，成就許多以廣大而分散的利益為主要依歸的政策。然而仍有許多未曾集結成團體、甚至未曾意識到自身利益的社會邊緣分子。他們的特殊需求，甚至未被界定在「公共利益」範疇內。古典多元主義理論長久以來所忽略的社會正義議題，至今仍未有令人滿意的研究成果。本文檢視我國臺南安南區一個污染廠址復原政策之發展，管窺民主體制能夠矯正社會不公義的珍貴特質。以菁英為主體的市民團體在缺乏地方居民支持的情境下，透過資訊的優勢，切入議題論述的利基，募集足夠外部資源，並成功地周旋在個政策行動者之間，提供其誘因與環保團體結盟，成立了新的「倡議聯盟」，進而得以穿透既有的政策制訂結構，迫使政府積極回應其訴求。此外，環保團體的成功亦得力於外在條件的轉變，如土壤及地下水污染整治法的通過與施行。相反的，受政策影響的弱勢族群是否能在一開始便能夠投入，則比較不是關鍵性的因素。
How can a democratic polity assure the political representation of the socially disadvantageous groups and thus faithfully respond to their interests? This question implies the capacity of democracy in pursing social justice. While a great amount of literature on political process have accumulated in the past decades, there is essentially no discussion on this issue, either theoretically or empirically. This paper intends to add to the literature by examining a pollution incident in Tainan. The case indicates how the governments (local and central) and the polluter have adjusted their recovery and compensation policies in accordance with the requests of civic environmental groups who stand for the interests of local victims. This study indicated factors favoring the formation of new advocacy coalitions by civic groups and the possibility of having the interests of marginal, quiescent, and unorganized social groups be taken care of.
期刊論文
1.Edelman, Marc(2001)。Social Movement: Changing Paradigms and Forms of Politics。Annual Review of Anthropology，30，285-317。  new window
2.吳焜裕(20010400)。淺談世紀之毒戴奧辛。看守臺灣，3(2)，20-23。  延伸查詢new window
3.黃煥彰(2003)。失落的記憶--臺鹼二部曲。看守臺灣，5(2)，28-40。  延伸查詢new window
4.黃煥彰(20040300)。臺鹼三部曲--正義的曙光。看守臺灣，6(1)，18-25。  延伸查詢new window
5.Tang, Shui-Yan、Tang, Ching-Ping(1997)。Democratization and Environmental Politics in Taiwan。Asian Survey，37(3)，281-294。  new window
6.Pichardo, Nelson A.(1997)。New Social Movements: a Critical Review。Annual Review of Sociology，23，411-430。  new window
7.湯京平(19990600)。鄰避性環境衝突管理的制度與策略--以理性選擇與交易成本理論分析六輕建廠及拜耳投資案。政治科學論叢，10，355-382。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.丘昌泰(20021200)。從「鄰避情結」到「迎臂效應」--臺灣環保抗爭的問題與出路。政治科學論叢，17，33-56。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Stigler, George J.(1971)。The Theory of Economic Regulation。The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science，2(1)，3-21。  new window
10.Peltzman, Sam(1976)。Toward a More General Theory of Regulation。Journal of Law and Economics，19(2)，211-240。  new window
11.Molotch, Harvey(1976)。The City as a Growth Machine: Toward a Political Economy of Place。American Journal of Sociology，82(2)，309-332。  new window
12.呂世宗(19850400)。碱氯工廠環境汞污染之調查研究。工業污染防治，4(2)=14，21-39。  延伸查詢new window
13.李宜蓁(2003)。這塊土地讓他們都生了病鹿耳門悲歌。康健雜誌，57，118-122+124。  延伸查詢new window
14.湯京平、翁偉達(20050300)。解構鄰避運動--國道建設的抗爭與地方政治動員。公共行政學報，14，125-149。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.鄭益明、黃煥彰、楊肇岳、謝和霖、Morehead, Peter(20020700)。化學風暴。看守臺灣，4(2)，76-98。  延伸查詢new window
16.McCarthy, John D.、Zold, Mayer N.(1997)。Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory。American Journal of Sociology，82(6)，1212-1241。  new window
17.Strom, Elizabeth(1996)。In Search of the Growth Coalition: American Urban Theories and the Development of Berlin。Urban Affairs Review，31(4)，455-481。  new window
18.McFarland, Andrew S.(1991)。Interest Groups and Political Time: Cycles in America。British Journal of Political Science，21(3)，257-284。  new window
19.Vogel, David(1980)。The Public Interest Movement and the American Reform Tradition。Political Science Quarterly，95，607-627。  new window
研究報告
1.工研院(2005)。台南市中石化安順廠整治場址土壤及地下小污染範圍調查及整治工作建議計劃 (計畫編號：EPA-93-GA12-03-A203)。台北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Jones, Bryan D.(1994)。Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics: Attention, Choice, and Public Policy。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.Wilson, James Q.(1995)。Political Organization。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
3.McFarland, Andrew S.(1976)。Public Interest Lobbies。Washington, D. C.：American Enterprise Institute。  new window
4.Moe, Terry M.(1980)。The Organization of Interests: Incentives and the Internal Dynamics of Political Interest Groups。Chicago, IL：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Walker, Jack L. Jr.(1991)。Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions, and Social Movements。The University of Michigan Press。  new window
6.Kollman, Ken(1998)。Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
7.Stone, Clarence N.(1989)。Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988。Lawrence, Kansas：University Press of Kansas。  new window
8.Truman, David B.(1951)。The Governmental Process--Political Interest and Public Opinion。New York, NY：Alfred A. Knopf。  new window
9.Inglehart, Ronald(1977)。The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Style among Western Publics。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
10.Touraine, Alain(1988)。Return of the Actor: Social Theory in Postindustrial Society。Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
11.Berry, Jeffrey M.(1997)。Lobbying for the people: The political behavior of public interest group。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
12.Olson, Mancur(1965)。The Logic of Collective Action。Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Dahl, Robert Alan(1961)。Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
14.Berry, Jeffrey M.(1989)。The Interest Group Society。Scott, Foresman and Company。  new window
15.Tarrow, Sidney G.(1998)。Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
16.McAdam, Doug(1982)。Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
17.Stevens, Joe B.(1993)。The Economics of Collective Choice。Westview Press。  new window
18.Sabatier, Paul A.、Jenkins-Smith, Hank C.(1993)。Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach。Westview Press。  new window
19.Tilly, Charles(1978)。From Mobilization to Revolution。Addison-Wesley。  new window
20.McCarthy, John D.、Zold, Mayer N.(1977)。The Dynamics of Social Movements: Resource Mobilization, Social Control, and Tactics。Cambridge, MA：Winthrop Publishers。  new window
21.Zunes, Stephen、Kurtz, Lester R.、Asher, Sarah Beth(1999)。Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective。Blackwell。  new window
22.Lesbirel, Hayden、Shaw, Daigee(2005)。Managing Conflict in Facility Siting: An International Comparison。Northampton, MA：Edward Elgar。  new window
23.John, Dewitt(1994)。Civic Environmentalism: Alternatives to Regulation in States and Communities。Washington, DC：A Division of Congressional Quarterly Inc.。  new window
其他
1.吳明良(20031220)。安順廠污染整治，需三十億。  延伸查詢new window
2.吳明良(20041109)。中石化污染案，環局強制執行。  延伸查詢new window
3.吳明良(20050129)。中石化污染案，居民陳情。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳孟珉(20050502)。台南市政府舉辦中石化台南安順廠土壤污染改善工程說明座談會。  延伸查詢new window
5.李鋅銅(19991026)。水之源頭：鹿耳門溪。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳佳珣(20040315)。我們的島--工業遺毒，http://e-info.org.tw/column/ourisland/2004/ou04031201.htm。  延伸查詢new window
7.蔡宗明(20001107)。廢棄多年，面積十五公頃，受重金屬污染，希望成立專案小組進行改善整治。  延伸查詢new window
8.趙家麟(20040519)。環保署長訪中石化廠，居民喊救命。  延伸查詢new window
9.謝蕙蓮(20000217)。環品會：中石化安順廠，戴奧辛污染。  延伸查詢new window
10.李鋅銅，鄭惠仁，林偉民(20030923)。中石化汙染，居民求償十億。  延伸查詢new window
11.林偉民(20050317)。顯宮裏衛生室開張。  延伸查詢new window
12.淩珮君，吳明良(20030806)。台鹼貯小池，小抽乾，魚銷毀。  延伸查詢new window
13.陳英姿(19980805)。地下水污染場址整治，兩年為限。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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