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題名：渴望心理學的科學革命：從「恐懼管理理論」的研究歷程反思心理學研究之現狀
書刊名：本土心理學研究
作者：顏志龍 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yen, Chih-long
出版日期：2012
卷期：38
頁次：頁103-129
主題關鍵詞：亡意凸顯；心理距離；死亡顯著性；典範；科學哲學；懼死因應論；CLT；Mortality salience；Multiple studies；Paradigm；Philosophy of science；Psychological distance
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:262
  • 點閱點閱:136
本文回顧作者自2006 年迄2010 年，在台灣進行「恐懼管理理論」（terror management theory, TMT）研究之歷程。此期間歷經三個研究階段：(1)以TMT 為理論基礎所從事的研究未獲預期結果。(2)對TMT一系列的重複驗證（replication）無法重製出TMT 之效果。(3)對TMT所進行的後設分析（meta-analysis），發現TMT 文獻可能有明顯的發表偏誤。綜而言之，作者對TMT 五年的研究並未發現支持此一理論的證據，此與文獻中所呈現強大支持TMT 的證據形成強烈對比。於是本文從重複驗證、統計考驗力（statistical power）等觀點，重新檢視現有實徵心理學文獻之樣貌；結果發現：(1)文獻中宣稱堅實強韌的理論（如TMT、建構層次理論等），在現實中常常難以成功複製。(2)以統計考驗力估算，現存文獻真實存在的機率相當低。因此本文推論目前心理學的實徵文獻其可信度並不高，這使得心理學研究建立在脆弱的基礎上；主流（西方）心理學理論之問題，可能並非它無法解釋華人，而是它無法解釋所有人。據此作者呼籲以重複驗證解決此一難題，並企望心理學的科學革命能被啟動。
This article reviews a series of terror management theory (TMT)studies conducted in Taiwan between 2006 and 2010, including (1) nullresearch results that failed to support TMT propositions, (2) failed TMTreplications, and (3) meta-analyses that found a publication bias in theTMT literature. In sum, these studies failed to find evidence supportingTMT. These results are especially surprising considering the strongevidence from past TMT studies. The author next systematicallyexamined empirical studies in psychology, and found that: (1) manymain stream theories (e.g., TMT, construal level theory) are difficult tobe replicated, and that (2) the empirical studies presented in thepsychology literature are very unreasonable when considering statisticalpower. The author concluded that the current psychology literature isunreliable. A call to emphasize replication, and an appeal for ascientific revolution in psychology is proposed.
Other
1.Greenberg, J., Simon, L. ; Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Chatel, D.(1992)。Terror management and tolerance: Does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one's worldview?。  new window
2.Yen, C. L.(顏志龍), & Cheng, C, P.(鄭中平)(2010)。Terror management among Taiwanese: Worldview defense or resigning to fate?。  new window
期刊論文
1.Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.、Rosenblatt, A.、Veeder, M.、Kirkland, S.、Lyon, D.(1990)。Evidence for terror management theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，58(2)，308-318。  new window
2.Greenberg, J.、Porteus. J.、Simon, L.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1995)。Evidence of a Terror Management Function of Cultural Icons: The Effects of Mortality Salience on the Inappropriate Use of Cherished Cultural Symbols。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，21，1221-1228。  new window
3.Liberman, N.、Sagristano, M.、Trope, Y.(2002)。The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，38(6)，523-534。  new window
4.王姿茵、余景文(20090900)。性別對於成功恐懼與領導自我效能之影響--死亡顯著性之調節作用。復興崗學報，95，23-51。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.楊國樞(19971200)。三論本土契合性：進一步的澄清。本土心理學研究，8，197-237。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Burke, B. L.、Martens, A.、Faucher, E. H.(2010)。Two decades of Terror Management Theory: A meta-analysis of mortality salience research。Personality and Social Psychology Review，14(2)，155-195。  new window
7.Pyszczynski, T.、Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.(1999)。A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory。Psychological Review，106(4)，835-845。  new window
8.Tam, K.-P.、Chiu, C.-Y.、Lau, I. Y.-M.(2007)。Terror management among Chinese: Worldview defence and intergroup bias in resource allocation。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，10(2)，93-102。  new window
9.Simmons, J. P.、Nelson, L. D.、Simonsohn, U.(2011)。False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant。Psychological Science，22(11)，1359-1366。  new window
10.Trope, Yaacov、Liberman, Nira(2010)。Construal-level theory of psychological distance。Psychological Review，117(2)，440-463。  new window
11.陸洛(20031200)。人我關係之界定--「折衷自我」的現身。本土心理學研究，20，139-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.楊國樞(19930600)。我們為什麼要建立中國人的本土心理學？。本土心理學研究，1，6-88。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Brewer, Marilynn B.、Gardner, Wendi W.(1996)。Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，71(1)，83-93。  new window
研究報告
1.莊耀嘉(2007)。親子關係何以傾向成為家庭結構的主軸：以演化論與終極恐懼因應論解構儒家孝道倫理。  延伸查詢new window
2.莊耀嘉(2008)。親子關係何以傾向成為家庭結構的主軸：以演化論與終極恐懼因應論解構儒家孝道倫理。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Becker, E.(1973)。The Denial of Death。NY：Free Press。  new window
其他
1.王秋鳳(2011)。心理距離對刻板印象的影響：建構層次論觀點。  延伸查詢new window
2.知識通訊評論(20111201)。荷蘭驚爆社會心理研究造假。  延伸查詢new window
3.莊耀嘉(2010)。子女對中老年父母的存在性意義：親子關係是否作為父母抗衡死亡焦慮的憑藉。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳怡全(2009)。死亡威脅對服從之影響：奇魅領導及命令特性之調節效果。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.陳柏宏(2010)。機率對分類作業的影響：以建構層次理論為基礎之探究。  延伸查詢new window
6.彭郁婷(2010)。性別對擇偶偏好的影響：死亡顯著性的調節效果。  延伸查詢new window
7.游知穎(2010)。重複檢驗時間距離對類別廣度之影響：建構層次論觀點。  延伸查詢new window
8.游知穎(2011)。心理距離對擇偶時愛情偏好之影響：建構層次論觀點。  延伸查詢new window
9.劉幸智(2007)。死亡顯著性對支持領導者程度之影響：性別及領導行為之調節效果。  延伸查詢new window
10.顏志龍(2007)。死亡顯著性對個體為團隊自我犧牲行為之影響及不當領導之調節效果。  延伸查詢new window
11.顏志龍(2010)。存在界線理論之發展。  延伸查詢new window
12.Amdt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S.(2002)。To belong or not to belong, that is the question: Terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity。  new window
13.Buchner, A., Erdfelder, E., & Faul, F.(2001)。G*Power。  new window
14.Crocker, J., & Cooper, M. L.(2011)。Addressing scientific fraud。  new window
15.Evenden, M., & Sandstrom, G.(2011)。Calling for scientific revolution in psychology: K. K. Hwang on indigenous psycologies。  new window
16.Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S., & Lee, A. Y.(1999)。T value freedom, but 'we' value relationships: Self-construal priming mirrors cultural differences in judgment。  new window
17.Harmon-Jones, E., Simon, L., Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T. ; Solomon, S. ; McGregor, H.(1997)。Terror management theory and self-esteem: Evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects。  new window
18.Heine, S. J., Harihara, M.，& Niiya, Y.(2002).)。Terror management in Japan。  new window
19.(2012)。Reproducibility Project。  new window
20.Richard, F. D. ; Bond, C. F., & Stokes-Zoota, J. J.(2003)。One hundred years of social psychology quantitatively described。  new window
21.Tang, C., Wu, A., & Yan, E.(2002)。Psychosocial correlates of death anxiety among Chinese college students。  new window
22.Tilburg University(2011)。Interim report regarding the breach of scientific integrity committed by Prof. D. A. Stapel。  new window
23.Wakimoto, R.(2006)。Mortality salience effects on modesty and relative self-effacement。  new window
24.Wu, A., Tang, C. ; Kwok, T.(2002)。Death anxiety among Chinese elderly people in Hong Kong。  new window
25.Yen, C. L.(顏志龍)(2010)。Replication of CLT。  new window
26.Yen, C. L.(顏志龍)(2011)。Terror management in Taiwan: A review of ten mortality salience experiments。  new window
27.Yen, C. L.(顏志龍)。It is our destiny to die: The effects of mortality salience and culture-priming on fatalism and karma belief。  new window
28.Yen, C. L.(顏志龍), & Cheng, C. P.(鄭中平)。Researcher effects on mortality salience research: A meta-analytic moderator analysis。  new window
圖書論文
1.Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1986)。The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory。Public self and private self。Springer-Verlag。  new window
 
 
 
 
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