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題名：中華民國民主化下的文武關係：軍隊國家化的進程
書刊名：復興崗學報
作者：段復初
作者(外文)：Tuan, Fu-chu
出版日期：2014
卷期：104
頁次：頁1-24
主題關鍵詞：中華民國民主化；黨軍；文武關係；文人控制；Democratization of the Republic of China；Party's military；Civil-military relations；Civilian control
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:75
  • 點閱點閱:38
20世紀70年代到21世紀初期，中華民國經歷了從威權政體逐漸轉化為民主政體的過程，並且透過兩次的政黨和平輪替執政，而建立起鞏固的民主。在這個威權轉型到民主政體的過程中，與國民黨有著密不可分關係，擁有相當大範圍的決策參與及政治特權的軍隊，隨著轉型的過程，逐漸失去其傳統在政治方面原有的特權。軍隊為何在這個過程中，沒有採取積極抵制的手段，反而是逐漸退出其在政治中的角色，並且未對其在國民黨長期政治教育之下，視為政治上的敵人採取壓制甚或鎮壓的手段，阻撓對手競爭，甚至在國民黨從壟斷性政黨轉變為競爭性政黨之後，在政黨競爭過程中失利，軍隊不曾用武力或威脅使用武力的方式，否決民主選舉的結果，反而是尊重民選結果？易言之，國民黨從一黨威權轉型為民主政黨過程中，文人是如何透過何種控制策略，有效地控制軍隊，讓軍隊能接受其應有的角色，而軍隊本身又是如何調適自己，在認知與行動上，使自己從一個服從於國民黨黨國的黨軍，轉變為服從於民選文人的國軍？這是本文所要探討的問題。
Since the 70s of the 20th century to the early 21st Century, The Republic of China had experienced the process of democratization and made a successful consolidation of democracy by two overturns of ruling power peacefully. Within this democratic process, the military was losing their prerogative in politics and in decision making process gradually. Why the Military was willing to be compliant and made less active reaction to this process? And why the military didn't use its coercive power to veto the outcome of the democratic election that Kuomintang was losing but accepted the choice of voters? What were those strategies that were used by civilian leaders to control the military effectively, that make the military accept the role that it should be playing. And at the same time, how did the military adjust itself in this process, transform itself from a party’s military which obeyed Kuomintang to a state’s military that obeys the elected civilian leader? Those are questions that will be answered by this paper.
期刊論文
1.Rigger, Shelley(2004)。Taiwan's Best-Case Democratization。Orbis，48(2)，285-292。  new window
2.Kuehn, D.(2008)。Democratization and Civilian Control of the Military in Taiwan。Democratization，15(5)，873-875。  new window
3.Hsueh, Chao-yung(19990900)。The Political Economy of Defense Spending: Implications for TMD in Taiwan。Issues & Studies，35(5)，43-60。  new window
4.Dreyer, J. T.(1991)。Taiwan in 1990: Finetuning the System。Asia Survey，31(1)，59。  new window
5.Ts’ai, L.、Myers, R. H.(1992)。Surving the Rough-and-tumble of Presidential Politics in an Emerging Democracy: The 1990 Election in the Republic of China on Taiwan。The China Quarterly，129，123-148。  new window
6.Chen, Y. W.(2010)。The Modernization of Taiwan’s National Security Council。China Brief，10(22)，12-16。  new window
7.Shambaugh, D.(1996)。Taiwan’s Security: Maintaining Deterrence amid Political Accountability。The China Quarterly，148，1288。  new window
8.Luor, C.-j.、Wang, H.-h.、Yeh, J.-h.(2001)。Reinventing National Defense Organization in Taiwan。Taiwan Defense Affairs，2(2)，142-146。  new window
9.Copper, J. F.(1987)。Taiwan in 1986: Back on Top Again。Asian Survey，27(1)，88。  new window
10.魏萼(2014)。析論『劉少康辦公室』的歷史意義。海峽評論，277，54-59。  延伸查詢new window
11.余一鳴(20041200)。國軍政治教育內涵與界定之研究。復興崗學報，82，79-106。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Su, C.-c.、Shen, M.-s.(2000)。Taiwan’s Political Warfare System and Civil-Military Relations: Evolution and Prospect。Taiwan Defense Affairs，1(2)，39-63。  new window
13.Chasem, M. S.(2006)。Defense Reform and Civilian Control in Taiwan。China Brief，6(22)。  new window
14.Teng, Y. S.(2000)。A Preliminary Inquiry into the Defense Budget。Taiwan Defense Affairs，1(1)，161。  new window
15.Lee, W.-c.(2007)。The Greening of the Brass: Taiwan’s Civil-Military Relations since 2000。Asia Security，3(3)，210。  new window
16.Laio, T.-c.(2005)。How Does a Rubber Stamp became a Roating Lion: The Transformation of Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan’s Role during the Process of Democratization。Issues and Studies，4(3)，31-79。  new window
17.Hung, L.-h.(2001)。Observation on Civilian Control of the ROP Armed Forces following the Passage of Two Laws Concerning National Defense。Taiwan Defense Affairs，1(2)，7-37。  new window
18.Shambaugh, D.(1996)。Taiwan’s Security: Maintaining Deterrence amid Political Accountability。The China Quarterly，148，1296。  new window
19.司法院(2012)。軍審法三讀修正，實現國家司法權一元化，強化軍中人權保障。司法周刊，1657。  延伸查詢new window
20.陳俊明(20050600)。政黨輪替、文武關係與臺灣的民主鞏固：分析架構與策略。政治科學論叢，24，77-109。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.Leng, Shao-chuan、林正義(1993)。Political Change on Taiwan: Transition to Democracy?。The China Quarterly，136，805-839。  new window
22.Phillips, Steven E.(2006)。Identity and Security in Taiwan。Journal of Democracy，17(3)，58-71。  new window
會議論文
1.洪陸訓(2002)。國防二法實施後的文武關係。「台海安全與國防戰略」研討會，財團法人台灣新世紀文教基金會 (會議日期: 2002年10月20日)。台灣大學社會科學院。  延伸查詢new window
2.洪陸訓、張元祥。我國政黨輪替後的文武關係。第五屆國軍軍事社會科學學術研討會，23-35。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳興國(2004)。兩岸軍隊政治教育之比較研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Van de Ven, Hans J.(2003)。War and Nationalism in China: 1925-1945。RoutledgeCurzon。  new window
2.Bullard, M. R.(1997)。The Soldier and the Citizen: The Role of the Military in Taiwan’s Development。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
3.Lumley, F.(1979)。The Republic of China under Chiang Kai-Shek: Taiwan Today。London：Barrie & Jenkins。  new window
4.政治作戰學校(1980)。組織工作。台北：政治作戰學校。  延伸查詢new window
5.Woo, Jongseok、段復初、莫大華、陳舒堂、郭雪真(201108)。東亞安全挑戰與軍事政治：從建國到後民主化。台北：國防大學政戰學院。  延伸查詢new window
6.Hood, S. J.(1997)。Kuomintang and Democratization of Taiwan。Boulder, CO.：Westview。  new window
7.Copper, John Franklin(1997)。The KMT's 15th Party Congress: The Ruling Party at a Crossroad。Baltimore, MD：University of Maryland, School of Law。  new window
8.Brook, Risa(2008)。Shaping Strategy: The Civil-Military Politics of Strategic Assessment。Princeton：Princeton University Press。  new window
9.Cohen, Eliot(2002)。Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime。New York：Anchor。  new window
10.Finer, S. E.(1962)。The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics。London：Pall Mall。  new window
11.Huntington, S. P.(1957)。Soldier and State。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
12.Owens, M. T.(2011)。U.S. Civil-Military Relations After 911: Renegotiating the Civil-Military Bargain。New York：Continuum International。  new window
13.Cheng, Hsiao-shih(1990)。Party-Military Relations in the PRC and ROC: Paradox of Control。Boulder, CO：Westview Press。  new window
14.Tien, H. M.(1989)。The Great Transition: Politic and Social Change in Republic of China。Stanford：Hoover Institute Press。  new window
15.國防部總政治作戰部政工史稿編纂委員會(1960)。國軍政工史稿。臺北：國防部總政治作戰部。  延伸查詢new window
16.吳文程(19960100)。台灣的民主轉型：從權威型的黨國體系到競爭性的政黨體系。臺北市：時英出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Chao, Linda、Myers, Ramon H.(1998)。The First Chinese Democracy: Political Life in the Republic of China on Taiwan。Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
18.Roy, Danny(2003)。Taiwan: A Political History。Cornell University Press。  new window
19.Gold, Thomas Barton(1986)。State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle。Armonk：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
其他
1.Hsu, B.(2000)。Taiwan’s Long Line of Defense Ministers。  new window
2.(20000721)。南懷瑾、王昇與蔣經國，http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/special/secret/89072109.htm。  延伸查詢new window
3.Hsu, B.(2005)。Military Throw Away Old Election Role。  new window
4.Eyton, L.。Military Corruption is Finally Under Attack，http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/98/0403/index.html。  new window
5.陳水扁的軍隊人士洗牌行動甚至造成了高階軍官買官，行政院高官賣官的傳聞，http://www.cy.gov.tw/sp.asp7xdl。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Chang, P. H.(1992)。The Changing Nature of Taiwan’s Politics。Taiwan: Beyond the economic miracle。London：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
2.Fan, Yun(2004)。Taiwan: No Civil Society, No Democracy。Civil Society and Political Change in Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space。Palo Alto, CA。  new window
3.Ding, Shu-fan、Huang, Alexander Chieh-cheng(1999)。Taiwan's Military in the 21st Century: Redefinition and Reorganization。The Chinese Armed Forces in the 21st Century。Carlisle Barracks, Penn：Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College。  new window
4.Wang, Peter Chen-Main(2007)。A Bastion Created, A Regime Reformed, An Economy Reengineered, 1949-1970。Taiwan: A New History。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
5.Phillips, Steven E.(2007)。Between Assimilation and Independence: Taiwanese Political Aspirations under Nationalist Chinese Rule, 1945-1948。Taiwan: A New History。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
6.Martin, B. G.(1991)。The Relationship between the Kuomintang and the Military in Taiwan。Modern Taiwan in the 1990s。Canberra：Australian National University。  new window
7.Dickson, B. J.(1996)。The Kuomintang before Democratization: Organizational Change and the Role of Elections。Taiwan s Electoral politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
8.Winckler, E. A.(1991)。Taiwan Transition?。Political Change in Taiwan。Boulder, CO：Lynne Rienner。  new window
9.Haung, T.-f.(1996)。Elections and the Evolution of Kuomintang。Taiwan’s Electoral politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
10.Tien, H. M.(1997)。Taiwan’s Transformation。Consolidation the Third Wave Democracies: Regional Challenges。Baltimore, MD：John Hopkins University Press。  new window
11.Tsang, S.(1993)。Chiang Kai-Sheik and Kuomintang’s Policy to Re-conquer the Chinese Mainland, 1949-1958。In the Shadow of China: Political Development in Taiwan since 1949。Honolulu, HI：University of Hawaii Press。  new window
12.蔣堅忍(1960)。從歷史教訓展望政工前途。國軍政工史稿。台北：國防部總政治部。  延伸查詢new window
13.蔣經國(1978)。國軍政治工作的重要性。復興崗講詞。台北：政治作戰學校。  延伸查詢new window
14.Ross, Edward W.(1986)。Taiwan Armed Force。The Armed Forces in Contemporary Asian Societies。Boulder：Westview。  new window
15.Tsang, Steve(1993)。Chiang Kai-shek and Kuomintang’s Policy to Reconquer the Chinese Mainland, 1949-1958。In the Shadow of China。Honolulu：University of Hawaii Press。  new window
16.Rubinstein, M. E.(2007)。Taiwan’s Socioeconomic Modernization, 1971-1996。Taiwan: A New History。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
17.Huang, T.-f.(1996)。Elections and Evolution of the Kuomintang。Taiwan Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition: Riding the Third Wave。Armonk, N.Y.：Sharpe。  new window
18.Hung, Lu-hsun、Mo, Ta-hau、Tuan, Fu-chu(2003)。The evolution of the ROC’s military-societal relations: From militarized society to socialized military。Defending Taiwan: The Future Vision of Taiwan Defence Policy and Military Strategy。New York：Routledge Curzon。  new window
19.Martin, B. G.(1991)。The Relationship between Kuomintang and the Military in Taiwan。Modern Taiwan in the 1990s。Canberra：Austrian National University Press。  new window
20.Tien, H. M.、Cheng, T.-j.(1998)。Crafting Democratic Institutions。Democratization in Taiwan: Implications for China。New York, NY：St. Martin’s Press。  new window
21.Lo, C.-c.(2001)。Taiwan: The Remaining Challenges。Coercion and Governance: The Declining Political Role of the Military in Asia。Stanford：Stanford University Press。  new window
22.Lin, W.-c.、Lin, C.-y.(2002)。National Defense and the Changing Security Environment。Assessing the Lee Teng-Hui Legacy In Taiwan's Politics: Democratic Consolidation and External Relations。Armonk, NY：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
23.Sun, C.-m.(2001)。Taiwan: Toward a Higher Degree of Military Professionalism。Military Professionalism in Asia: Conceptual and Empirical Perspectives。Honolulu, HI：East West Center。  new window
24.Chen, Y. W.、Edmonds, M. M.(2006)。An Overview of Taiwan’s Defense Reform。Taiwan s Defense Reform。London：Routledge。  new window
25.Lo, C.-c(2000)。Taiwan。Armed Procurement Decision Making。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
26.Swaine, M. D.(2005)。Taiwan’s Defense Reform and Military Modernization Program: Objectives, Achievements, and Obstacles。Dangerous Strait: The U.S.-Taiwan-China Crisis。Washington, DC：Columbia University Press。  new window
27.Pillsbury, M.(2006)。The Role of the United States in Taiwan’s Defense Reforms。Taiwan’s Defense Reform。London：Routledge。  new window
28.Yang, C.-h.(2003)。The Evolution and Adaptation of Taiwan Strategy。Defending Taiwan: The Future Vision of Taiwan Defence Policy and Military Strategy。London：RoutledgeCurzon。  new window
29.田弘茂(1988)。Social Change and Political Development in Taiwan。Taiwan in a Time of Transition。New York, NY：Paragon House。  new window
 
 
 
 
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