The fascination of history lies in-between variation and constancy; as we interpret historical variations, the motivation, the process, and the consequence of changes are three common crucial considerations. After Xinhai Revolution unprecedentedly transformed the imperial China into a republic, the Beiyang Government had altered the Criminal Code Amendment for three times while struggling in the post-conflict situations and the new threat of ambitious warlords. In 1927, the subsequent Nationalist Government in Nanjing took over the amendment and put it into reconsideration. By September 1928, "the Criminal Code of the Republic of China", a. k. a. "the Old Criminal Code", came into effect. Legal provisions always cling to legal systems, while legal systems constantly cling to legal thoughts. Are there any differences between "the Old Criminal Code" and "the Provisional Criminal Code" in 1912? Whether the traditional ethical provisions still existed in the Old Criminal Code? Did the legislative considerations coherently work with the judicial practice? What are the characteristics form the viewpoint of legal reception? Why did the Old Criminal Code which was acclaimed as "a complete criminal code reconciling the Chinese traditions and the prevalent legal thoughts" only last for seven years? Sadly, the historical karma and significance of the Old Criminal Code has not yet been fully discussed. To fulfill the academic void, this article shall trace the past by details.