The "Nanshe" (1909-1923) is a modern society of more than one thousand members, with a mixed focus on poetry and revolution. The "Nanshe"produced more than a hundred volumes on poetic theories, but scholars have not paid enough attention to those works. This essay mainly examines Hai-Tian-Shi-Hua(海天詩話)by Hu Huai-Chen(胡懷琛)and Fu-Sang-Shi-Hua(扶桑詩話)by Tian Tong(田桐), in order to highlight the valuable role that the Society plays in the study of modern Chinese poetic theories. In addition to the examination of the authors’ lives, writing backgrounds, and how their works were published and circulated, this essay also investigates how the authors introduced, translated, and made comments on Chinese poems written by Japanese writers. Through a close and comparative reading, I emphasize the specialty, creativity, and limitation of modern poetic theories in comparison with traditional poetic theories. Influenced by Chinese culture deeply in history, Japan has a long tradition of writing Chinese poetry. After the Meiji Restoration, many Chinese went to Japan to study modern knowledge and investigate the successful experiences. In the twentieth century, Classical-style poetry was abandoned by aggressive promoters of modern vernacular literature, but remained energetic in multiple theoretical narratives. Chinese poems of Japanese authors in the late Tokugawa Period (幕末)and the Meiji Period(明治)were introduced to China and appreciated by Chinese poets and readers, and this phenomenon also demonstrates the continuous influence of Chinese poetry oversea during the period.