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題名：借助外力的動員：澳門社會運動中的外部動員機制
書刊名：中國大陸研究
作者：廖志輝
作者(外文)：Lio, Chi-fai
出版日期：2018
卷期：61:3
頁次：頁53-85
主題關鍵詞：反離補運動；機制與過程；社會運動；臺港澳；Anti-welfare package movement；Mechanisms and processes；Social movements；Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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近年兩岸四地的公民社會持續振動。當中，對於2014年分別發生在台灣、香港和澳門的大型社會運動，已有研究透過比較或概念性的分析，嘗試探討其背後的共同成因與差異性。卻鮮少有研究從微觀層次探討台港澳三地社會抗爭的互動過程。透過以發生在2014年澳門的「反離補運動」的動員過程與後續影響作為研究個案，本文認為是運動組織者靈活地運用來自香港媒體與台灣的相關抗爭論述作為資源，重新構框出適合在地脈絡的動員論述，從而成功地促進了在封閉的政治結構與貧乏的動員渠道下的動員能力，造就這場澳門回歸後最大型的社會運動。這一動員機制在後續的抗爭事件中亦同樣出現，並有進一步發展的可能性。
The civil society of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao has been vibrant in recent years. Many researchers aim to identify this phenomenon via comparative and conceptual approaches, especially concentrating on the unexpected social movements that occurred during 2014 in these three respective places. However, few studies attempt to examine the interactive processes of such movements. To fill the gap, this article draws on the Anti-Welfare Package Movement in Macao in 2014 as a case study to demonstrate how movement organizers flexibly and successfully framed the mobilizing discourses by using various articles from Hong Kong media and The Sunflower Movement in Taiwan; thereby, enhancing the mobilization within an unfavorable political structure and media environment. This initiative process seems to become a mechanism for playing a role in subsequent protests.
期刊論文
1.Yu, Eilo Wing-yat(2007)。Formal and Informal Politics in Macao Special Administrative Region Elections 2004-2005。Journal of Contemporary China，16(52)，417-441。  new window
2.Kriesi, H.、Koopmans, R.、Duyvendak, J. W.、Giugni, M. G.(1992)。New Social Movements and Political Opportunities in Western Europe。European Journal of Political Research，22(2)，219-244。  new window
3.Myers, Daniel J.(2000)。The diffusion of collective violence: Infectiousness, susceptibility, and mass media networks。American Journal of Sociology，106(1)，173-208。  new window
4.Klandermans, Bert、Oegema, Dirk(1987)。Potentials, networks, motivations, and barriers: Steps towards participation in social movements。American Sociological Review，52(4)，519-531。  new window
5.Snyder, David、Tilly, Charles(1972)。Hardship and Collective Violence in France, 1830 to 1960。American Sociological Review，37(5)，520-532。  new window
6.McAdam, Doug、Rucht, Dieter(1993)。The Cross-National Diffusion of Movement Ideas。The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science，528(1)，56-74。  new window
7.CHOU, BILL K. P.(200505)。Interest Group Politics in Macau after Handover。Journal of Contemporary China，14(43)，191-206。  new window
8.Kitschelt, Herbert P.(1986)。Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies。British Journal of Political Science，16(1)，57-85。  new window
9.Yuen, Samson(2014)。Under the shadow of China: Beijing's policy towards Hong Kong and Taiwan in comparative perspective。China Perspectives，2014(2)，69-76。  new window
10.McCarthy, John D.、Zald, Mayer N.(1977)。Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory。American Journal of Sociology，82(6)，1212-1241。  new window
11.Kaeding, Malte Philipp(2014)。Challenging Hongkongisation: The Role of Taiwan's Social Movements and Perceptions of Post-handover Hong Kong。Taiwan in Comparative Perspective，5，120-133。  new window
12.Ho, Ming-sho(2015)。Occupy Congress in Taiwan: Political Opportunity, Threat, and the Sunflower Movement。Journal of East Asian Studies，15(1)，69-97。  new window
13.Kaeding, Malte P.(2015)。Resisting Chinese Influence: Social Movements in Hong Kong and Taiwan。Current History，114(773)，210-216。  new window
14.王韻(20150600)。國內維權，國際賦權，與跨國倡權：基督新教的跨國倡議運動與兩岸三地的宗教人權。政治學報，59，55-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.何明修(20170300)。第三勢力與傘兵：比較臺港佔領運動後的選舉參與。中國大陸研究，60(1)，59-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.張曉明(20111000)。為甚麼說澳門不是實行「三權分立」的政治體制？--在「澳門基本法高級研討班」結業典禮上的講話。一國兩制研究，10，1-5。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.駱偉健(20030600)。論特別行政區的行政主導。行政：澳門公共行政雜誌，60，395-405+589-603+752。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Hedström, P.、Sandell, R.、Stern, C.(2000)。Mesolevel Networks and the Diffusion of Social Movements: The Case of the Swedish Social Democratic Party。American Journal of Sociology，106(1)，145-172。  new window
19.Ho, C. B.(2011)。Political Culture, Social Movements, and Governability in Macao。Asian Affairs: An American Review，38(2)，59-87。  new window
20.Ieong, M. U.(2017)。Macao and Hong Kong, Convergence or Divergence? The 2014 Retirement Package Bill Protest and Macao's Goverance Crisis。Asian Survey，57(3)，504-527。  new window
21.Risse, T.、Sikkink, K.(1999)。The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices: Introduction。Cambridge Studies In International Relations，66，1-38。  new window
22.Yu, Eilo Wing-yat、Chin, Natalie Ka-man(2012)。The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?。Government and Opposition，47(1)，97-116。  new window
23.何明修(20041200)。文化、構框與社會運動。臺灣社會學刊，33，157-199。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.Snow, David A.、Rochford, Edmund Burke Jr.、Worden, Steven K. Jr.、Benford, Robert D.(1986)。Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation。American Sociological Review，51(4)，464-481。  new window
會議論文
1.林玉鳳(2011)。媒體、身分認同與公民社會。第8屆「媒介與環境」國際學術研討會。天主教輔仁大學傳播學院。  延伸查詢new window
2.蕭新煌、鄭宏泰、尹寶珊(2016)。社會流動對青年社會及政治態度和行為的影響：台港澳比較研究。週五論壇。台灣中央研究院社會所。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Tarrow, Sidney(1998)。Power in Movement: Collective Action, Social Movements and Politics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Tilly, Charles(2004)。Social Movements, 1768-2004。Paradigm Publishers。  new window
3.McAdam, Doug、McCarthy, John D.、Zald, Mayer N.(1996)。Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings。Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.趙鼎新(2007)。國家、社會關係與八九北京學運。香港：中文大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.何明修(2005)。社會運動概論。臺北：三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
6.McAdam, Doug(1982)。Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
7.Gamson, W. A.(1992)。Talking politics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.吳介民(20120000)。第三種中國想像。臺北：左岸文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.McAdam, Doug、Tarrow, Sidney G.、Tilly, Charles(2001)。Dynamics of Contention。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.何明修(2006)。綠色民主：台灣環境運動的研究。台北：群學出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.蘇嘉豪(2015)。撤！還記得嗎？。香港：嘉濤宮。  延伸查詢new window
12.婁勝華(2004)。轉型時期澳門社團研究--多元社會中法團主義體制解析。廣州：廣東人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
13.Tilly, Charles(1978)。From Mobilization to Revolution。Addison-Wesley。  new window
單篇論文
1.Chan, K. M.(2015)。Political Participation and the 'Bill of Greed and Privilege' of Macau，Macau：University of Macau。  new window
其他
1.Woo, Serenade(2015)。中國的大傳媒牆：爭取自由，https://www.docdroid.net/m5HERKT/123.pdf#page=2。  延伸查詢new window
2.(20140513)。澳門修例益高官，被轟自肥好醜陋。  延伸查詢new window
3.(20140429)。議員促撤離任高官保障法。  延伸查詢new window
4.(20090709)。澳廣視領導被指干預編採。  延伸查詢new window
5.(20131207)。政府領導層加人工10%，特首基本月薪酬27萬元，候任離任可享津貼。  延伸查詢new window
6.(20131219)。候任離任特區首長需建制度保障。  延伸查詢new window
7.(20140526)。公民力量：離補法案不公平不公義。  延伸查詢new window
8.(20140513)。公職協會遞信反對離任補償法。  延伸查詢new window
9.(20140506)。何潤生：離任補償差距大無準則。  延伸查詢new window
10.(20140525)。梁啟賢：強行通過離補方案有管治危機。  延伸查詢new window
11.(20140517)。學社街頭簽名冀撤離職補償法案。  延伸查詢new window
12.(20140514)。關翠杏李靜儀反對離任補償增至30%。  延伸查詢new window
13.(20160516)。三千人遊行促撤回暨大一億資助。  延伸查詢new window
14.(20160510)。兩團體遞信促撤回暨大1億捐款。  延伸查詢new window
15.(20070512)。派員到澳門電視台插手特首回應五一新聞編寫工作：傳協抗議新聞局干預新聞自由。  延伸查詢new window
16.(20140528)。守護澳門七千人圍立會促撤案。  延伸查詢new window
17.(20160514)。傳協譴責黑手干預暨大報道。  延伸查詢new window
18.(20160510)。學社周日發起遊行。  延伸查詢new window
19.(20160512)。學社遊行改華士古花園集合。  延伸查詢new window
20.(20160512)。崔世安三位一體：集團式輸送民脂民膏。  延伸查詢new window
21.(20140521)。心虛！澳門修例設保護罩，特首任內免刑責，如同僭建基本法，一國兩制變三制？。  延伸查詢new window
22.(20140513)。特首一世咬糧、九官離職厚酬、醜陋！澳門政府修例自肥。  延伸查詢new window
23.(20140429)。議員促撤離任高官保障法案。  延伸查詢new window
24.(20160512)。周日遊行促撤暨大億元捐款。  延伸查詢new window
25.(20140522)。澳門政府擬立法：豁免在任特首刑責。  延伸查詢new window
26.香港大學民意研究計劃(2014)。澳門週年調查，https://www.hkupop.hku.hk/chinese/popexpress/macau/。  延伸查詢new window
27.湯惠芸(2014)。香港學生參考台灣太陽花學運，http://www.voacantonese.com/a/hong-kong-observers-on-taiwan-occupy-movement/1892846.html/。  延伸查詢new window
28.(20140505)。吳區兩議員反對予離任高官雙重補貼，建議展開為期一個月諮詢。  延伸查詢new window
29.(20160505)。特區政府通過基金會向暨大提供一億元建設經費。  延伸查詢new window
30.(2014)。愛瞞行動，https://www.facebook.com/macauconcealers/photos/a.158212900914486.37247.153478958054547/649992035069901/?type=3&theater。  new window
31.(2017)。關於，https://www.facebook.com/pg/macauconcealers/about/?ref=page_internal。  new window
32.(20140525)。江門會今巡遊挺離補法。  延伸查詢new window
33.(20140429)。高天賜梁榮仔促撤官員離任補償法案。  延伸查詢new window
34.(20140530)。崔承諾保障得益全數捐慈善 「我肥，但不自肥」。  延伸查詢new window
35.(20160510)。三團體促交代捐款暨大。  延伸查詢new window
36.(20160512)。指澳基會全按既定制度程序資助暨大，崔：一人三角無左交右。  延伸查詢new window
37.澳門立法會(2016)。活動報告，http://www.al.gov.mo/cn/cn_main.htm。  延伸查詢new window
38.(2014)。澳門良心要求立法會第二常設委員會反離補、反特權、撤惡法，https://goo.gl/VsPz5N。  延伸查詢new window
39.(20160507)。高天賜促政府說明向暨大捐款原因。  延伸查詢new window
40.(20140530)。中央發功，逼撤惡法。  延伸查詢new window
41.(20140526)。反黑箱作業，抗特首享特權，2萬澳門人上街怒吼：「不撤離補即圍立會」。  延伸查詢new window
42.(20160508)。1億公帑捐暨大，崔世安被促下台。  延伸查詢new window
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圖書論文
1.Yu, E. W. Y.(2011)。Executive-Legislative Relationships and the Development of Public Policy。Gaming, Governance and Public Policy in Macao。Hong Kong：Hong Kong University Press。  new window
2.Gamson, William A.、Meyer, David S.(1996)。Framing Political Opportunity。Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.吳介民(2014)。「中國因素」氣旋下的台港公民抵抗運動。東亞地區的合作與和平。台北：前衛。  延伸查詢new window
4.仇國平(2015)。反離保會否重演？。撤！還記得嗎？。香港：嘉濤宮。  延伸查詢new window
5.崔子釗(2015)。愛瞞有感：澳門，不要再瞞下去。蘇嘉豪編，撤！還記得嗎？。嘉濤宮。  延伸查詢new window
6.譚志強(2010)。博彩旅遊業與大眾媒體的互動：以《市民日報》的「再現」為例。中國澳門特區：博彩業與社會發展。香港：香港城市大學出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Kwong, B. K.-K.(2014)。Patron-Clientelism and Elections in Macao: The 2009 Chief Exective Election。China's Macao Transformed: Challenge and Development in the 21st Century。Hong Kong：City University of Hong Kong Press。  new window
8.Lam, A. I.-F.(2017)。The Post-1999 Macau Media: Bigger Diversification but Weaker Dominance。Macao: Breakthrough and Change in China's Special Administrative Region。University of Toronto Press。  new window
9.McAdam, D.(1996)。Conceptual Origins, Current Problems, Future Directions。Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
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