遼朝在未建國之前，是一個長期臣服於唐帝國的契丹部族。但是在唐滅亡之際，遼與五代後梁同年（九○七年）建國後，即改變以往與中原國家的主從關係，不僅以對等國家的地位與中原國家交往，有時更以強國的姿態，居於上國的地位，並且直接或間接影響中原政權的轉移。這種史實的演變頗值得我們加以探討，因此本文除前言與結論之外，擬分別從耶律阿保機與朱全忠交往對後梁建國的影響、遼與後梁外交的層次問題、遼遣使至後梁求冊命、遼與後梁交聘使節任務與禮物等項目探討遼與後梁的外交關係，以期了解中國民族關係史上當時另一新階段開始的情形。

　　　　　Liao Dynasty was a tribe of Kitan who was submitted to the Tang Dynasty for a long period before Liao was founded. When the Tang Dynasty was ruined, the Liao Dynasty and the Later Liang were founded in the same year, the Liao changed immediately the relation of the master and servant with the court of China of the Central Plains as before, not only being friend with China of the Central Plains equally, but also sometimes acting as a powerful country with the upper attitude, and further influence the transfer of political power of the Central China directly or indirectly. The article explores some questions of the diplomatic relation between the Liao Dynasty and the Later Liang Dynasty. Readers would better understand the diplomatic relation of the Liao Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.