在英國保守黨的帶頭示範、前社會主義國家的經濟轉型以及國際經濟組織對工業後進國家施壓等作用下，自1980年初開始，公營事業的私有化儼然成為全球學術界的主流議題和政策趨勢。然而私人所有權、產業競爭以及效率之間是否存在必然的關係，在理論上受到相當多的質疑，同時也並沒有完全獲得經驗性研究的支持。本文試圖論述私有化並不僅是一項單純的經濟政策或是政策執行的工具，而是具有實在的社會效果。在「世界潮流」和「提高經營效率」等說詞的辯護下，國民黨政府自1989年末期開始推動公營事業的大規模私有化。在已釋股或資產被出售的七家國營事業和三個工廠中，有兩家事業及兩座工廠是被與國民黨友好的財團入主或收購，另外兩家則成為執政黨黨營事業的資產。從階級和政黨的角度切入，本文分析為何私有化的執行有利於資本家和國民黨的資源積累，而勞動者和在野的政治勢力卻成為私有化的輸家。台灣的公營 事業與長期執政的國民黨以及該黨的黨營事業之間一直存在緊密的利益關係。在這種特殊的政經結構下，私有化進一步促成了執政黨、黨營事業和本土大資 本家三者之間政治和經濟利益的結合。

　　　　　Since the early 1980s, privatizing state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been depicted as a global trend. The mass-privatization project executed by the British Conservative Party, the economic reforms practiced in pre-socialist countries in Eastern Europe and the advocacy of economic liberalization in so-called Third-World countries by international economic organizations have all contributed to this trend. However, free-market doctrines and arguments about the existence of causal relations among private property rights, competition, and efficiency have been challenged on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Citing the world trend and the argument about management efficiency as the motives behind policy-making, the Nationalist regime in Taiwan actively promoted a large-scale privatization of SOEs starting in the late 1980s. The author intends to demonstrate that privatization cannot be viewed as a pure economic policy or a policy option. Instead, it contains substantial social meanings and consequences. This paper analyzes the implications of privatization from class and political aspects by examining how big capitalists and the Nationalist Party benefited by the privatization, while previous SOEs' employees and the opposition political power became losers. So far, seven central-government-owned enterprises and three factories were transferred to private hands. Two of the privatized enterprises and two plants were sold to certain consortiums, which held close political ties with the ruling party. Two enterprises became the properties of the Nationalist Party. The results of privatization further benefited the Nationalist party and party-owned conglomerates and incorporated local big capital into an alliance of economic interests.