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題名:影響偵訊暴力風險因素之研究
作者:徐國楨
作者(外文):Kuo-Chen Hsu
校院名稱:國立中正大學
系所名稱:犯罪防治所
指導教授:林瑞欽
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2007
主題關鍵詞:偵訊暴力刑事訴訟法詢問室敵意感工作知覺投注感Law of Criminal ProcedureInterrogation RoomSense of HostilityAwareness at WorkSense of Devotioninterrogation violence
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:42
摘要
本論文為對影響偵訊暴力風險因素之二個系列性研究,目的在於探討偵訊過程知覺、偵訊敵意感、偵訊工作角色知覺、偵訊投注感對偵訊暴力之相關及預測成效。
研究一為質性之探索性之研究,以訪談法蒐集10位於警察機關擔任刑事偵查工作之偵訊者,著重於探討偵訊暴力經驗本質,目的首在探究刑事警察人員偵訊現況,偵訊行為、偵訊敵意感、偵訊工作知覺、投注感等實際狀況。研究二於國內警察機關蒐集593位刑事警察偵訊者在偵訊行為上的量化資料,以確定偵訊過程知覺、偵訊敵意感、偵訊工作角色知覺、偵訊投注感與偵訊暴力之間的關連性,進行對偵訊暴力風險因素之預測,並提供偵訊教育及實務上偵訊科學化之建議。
本論文之研究結果歸納如下:
一、偵訊過程知覺因素之研究結果顯示,刑事警察在養成教育上以警察大學大學部之刑事警察比警察學校警員班較易受到被偵訊者的行為影響激怒情緒。偵訊者官階則以二線二星以上之偵訊者在「偵訊情緒喚起」因素上高於一線三星及一線四星之偵訊者,官階較高之偵訊者情緒也較易受到被偵訊者之影響。
二、偵訊敵意感之研究結果顯示,偵訊者「年齡」、「刑事年資」、「官階」變項是影響偵訊敵意感的重要因素:年資「6-10」的偵訊者「易怒性」高於21年以上的偵訊者,「間接攻擊」、「言語敵意」、「疑心性」亦高於「16-20」年的偵訊者;「二線二星」的偵訊者在「易怒性」上高於「一線三星」之偵訊者。
三 、偵訊角色知覺之研究結果顯示,養成教育在「警察專科學校」偵訊者認為偵訊工作較具生動、有趣、變化、有創造性及權威性。偵訊的刑事偵查年資「6-10」在「力量因素」上高於「16-20」年的偵訊者,「非主管」的偵訊者亦高於「主管」之偵訊者。年齡30歲以下的偵訊者在「偵訊工作意願」、「偵訊工作滿意」的向度上都高於「41-50」歲偵訊者;「警察專科學校」教育之偵訊者在「偵訊工作意願」向度上高於「警察學校警員班」之偵訊者,顯示,較高之養成教育的「偵訊工作意願」愈高。刑事偵查工作年資在「偵訊工作意願」的向度上,「6-10」的偵訊者高於21年以上之偵訊者。
四、偵訊暴力預測分析:偵訊過程知覺之「偵訊情緒喚起」對偵訊暴力預測可達45.1%;「偵訊暴力社會學習」對偵訊暴力預測更達50.5%。同儕的偵訊學習在偵訊暴力上具有極高之預測力。偵訊敵意感之「直接攻擊」對偵訊暴力之預測達25.6%、「言語敵意」對偵訊暴力之預測達29.9%。上述二項因素對偵訊暴力行為具有高度之預測力。偵訊工作知覺之「偵訊工作意願」對偵訊暴力之預測達2.0%,「偵訊工作意願」對偵訊暴力具有預測力。
立基於前述二個系列性研究之發現,可提供對偵訊科學化良好的解釋力與偵訊實務上之建議如次:
一、偵訊養成教育的完整計劃建議:1.偵訊養成教育須藉助完整的計劃作為,彙整偵訊工作相關法律規定條文,彙編成冊,並依據法律規定,訂定偵訊標準化作業程序,依據不同案件類型編訂擬問問題之參考教戰手冊。2.分析本研究調查對象對偵訊心理、偵訊行為智能之缺乏,可結合心理學家、諮商師之合作,提供對於偵訊行為改變之技術,提升偵訊者之偵訊效能。依研究者建構之偵訊信心基礎理論,加強偵訊者偵訊信心之建立。
二、建立偵訊者的偵訊效能評估資料庫:針對擔任偵訊工作者訂有評估標準,定期對偵訊者進行適任度評估,汰除不適合偵訊工作者。評估資料庫可作偵訊工作適配性安排,及有關重大案件偵訊工作時,提供作為對於個別案件選擇或徵調適當偵訊人員之參考依據
三、即時詢問之法律規定建議:刑事訴訟法第74條規定:「被傳喚到場之被告,除確有不得已之事故外,應按時訊問之」。增列為:「被傳喚到場之被告,除確有不得已之事故外,應按時訊問之,等待訊問之時間不得逾4小時。」
四、監督機制:為避免被偵訊者,在泛談偵訊前即受到威嚇或施以暴力,其到達司法機關後,應即進入詢問室,開啟錄影音。
Abstract
This paper aims at discussing the two series of risk factors influencing
interrogation violence so as to obtain the results in connection with the awareness of interrogation process, hostility against interrogation, role
awareness at interrogation as well as the related and forecast effects of
devotion to interrogation upon interrogation violence.
The first part of the study concentrates on qualitative exploration.
Interviews have been made with 10 interrogators who are in charge of
criminal interrogation at police authorities. The interviews focus on
the experience of interrogation violence. The purpose of these interviews
is to explore current interrogation conditions of criminal police officers,
interrogation behavior, hostility against interrogation, awareness at
interrogation, sense of devotion, etc. The second part of the study
concentrateson quantitative exploration. The quantitative information on interrogation behavior shown by 593 domestic criminal interrogators has
been collected in order to ensure the relevance between awareness at interrogation process, hostility against interrogation, role awareness at interrogation, devotion to interrogation and interrogation violence. Furthermore, the forecast on risk factors influencing interrogation
violence can be made and referred as suggestions or comments for education on interrogation and scientifically interrogative practices.
The results of this study are as follows:
1. The study results revealed from the factor of awareness at interrogation
indicates that the criminal police officers receiving education at the
Central Police University are easier to be agitated by the behavior of the
interrogated than the police receiving education at Taiwan Police College.
The interrogators ranked above two-lines-two-stars are more “emotionally
aroused at interrogation” than those ranked with one-line-three-stars and
one-line-four-stars. The interrogators at higher ranks are easier to be
influenced by the interrogated.
2. The results revealed from the factor of hostility against interrogation
indicates that the variables, such as “age”, “criminal seniority” and
“rank”, are important factors influencing hostility against interrogation.
The interrogators with seniority of “6-10” years demonstrate higher
“emotional agitation” than those with seniority more than 21 years.
Meanwhile they show stronger “indirect assault”, “linguistic hostility”
and “suspicion” than those with seniority of “16-20” years. The
interrogators ranked with “two-lines-two-stars” demonstrate stronger
“emotional agitation” than those ranked with “one-line-three-stars”.
3. The study results revealed from the role awareness at interrogation
suggests that the interrogators receiving education at “Taiwan Police
College” consider the interrogation work vivid, interesting, changeable,
creative and authoritative. The “power factor” shown by the criminal
interrogators with seniority of “6-10” years is stronger than those with
seniority of “16-20” years while “non-chiefs” are stronger than
“chiefs”. The interrogators below 30 demonstrate higher interests in
“willingness for interrogation” and “satisfaction at interrogation work”
than those between “41-50”. The interrogators receiving education at
Taiwan Police College show higher interests in “willingness for
interrogation” than those receiving education at General Police Schools.
This explains that people receiving higher education demonstrate higher
interests in interrogation work. The interrogators with seniority of
“6-10” years for criminal interrogation show higher “willingness for
interrogation” than those with seniority more than 21 years.
4. Forecast & Analysis of Interrogation Violence: the “ agitated
interrogation” arising from the awareness of interrogation process leading
to interrogation violence accounts for 45.1% by forecast. “Social learning
from interrogation violence” leading to interrogation violence accounts for
50.5% by forecast. The learning on interrogation from colleagues carries a
very high forecast possibility. The “direct assault” arising from
hostility over interrogation causing interrogation violence accounts for
25.6% by forecast. The “linguistic hostility” against interrogation
violence accounts for 29.9% by forecast. The above two factors show high
possibilities causing interrogation violence. The “willingness for
interrogation” arising from the awareness at interrogation accounts for
2.0% by forecast. The “willingness for interrogation” depicts possibilities
causing interrogation violence.
According to the results shown by the above two series of study, appropriate
explanations for scientific interrogation and suggestions for interrogation
practices are as follows:
I. Suggested comprehensive plans of education on interrogation:
1. comprehensive plans must be made for good education on interrogation.
Regulations and laws in connection with interrogation should be collected
and edited. The SOP for interrogation shall be made in compliance with
related laws and regulations. Reference books with sequential questions may
be edited based on different types of cases.
2. The objects being surveyed here lack intelligence in interrogation psychology and interrogation behavior. Therefore, the cooperation with psychologists and consultants may be offered so as to improve interrogation behavior and enhance the efficiency of interrogation conducted by interrogators. The interrogators’
confidence may be reinforced in accordance with the basic theory and structure for establishing confidence in interrogation.
II. Establish an evaluation database for interrogation efficiency of interrogators: it is suggested to established standards evaluating the performance of interrogators. The evaluation on appropriateness of interrogators shall be made periodically. Interrogators who are not suitable for the job shall be replaced . The evaluation database may be referred to while making arrangements on interrogation or there are major cases so as to select or call up appropriate personnel for individual cases.
III. Suggestion on Impromptu Interrogation: according to Article 74 of Law
of Criminal Procedure: “the defendant summoned to appear shall be
interrogated as scheduled unless there is no alternative”. And this
Article is now revised to: “the defendant summoned to appear shall be
interrogated as scheduled unless there is no alternative. However, the time
waiting for being interrogated shall not exceed 4 hours.”
IV. Supervision System: once the interrogated arrives at a legalauthority, he
or she shall immediately enter into the interrogation room with the video recorder turning on so as to avoid from being threatened or applied with
violence before such interrogation.
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