理論的建構必須提高到科學哲學的高度，反思其背後的重要假定。尤其是社會科學或公共行政的理論，其有關人性論、認識論、本體論，以及方法論上的意義，對於理論的建構具有相當的啓示作用。本文從中西文化四百年來的文化變遷為背景，說明物理學典範變遷的趨勢及其對各學科的影響，最後強調四點﹕1.「理論」永遠與「實體」有相當的距離；2.經驗理論與形上因素相關，而實踐中有廣闊的形上場域根本是超乎語言文字的「實在」；3.理論只有「局部真理性」，而無「普遍真理性」；4.學術界與務實界差距的問題。

The construct of theory must be on a level with the philosophy of science, and reflection on the important assumption behind the theory. Especially, the theoretical construct of social science or public administration, with regard to the meaning of human nature, epistemology, ontology and methodology, have been implicated by these notions of philosophy of science. This paper describes the general trends of physics on paradigm shift and the impact on several subjects. Lastly, the paper focus on four points: 1).the theory always has some distance to the reality; 2).the empirical theory has relevant to the metaphysical factor, and in the process of praxis the metaphysical field has its broad reality which transcends the context of empirical words; 3).the theory has its partial truth and no universal truth; 4).the gap problem between academics and practice.