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題名:憲政體制與選舉制度的配套思考
書刊名:政治科學論叢
作者:蘇子喬 引用關係
作者(外文):Su, Tzu-chiao
出版日期:2010
卷期:44
頁次:頁35-74
主題關鍵詞:憲政體制選舉制度政黨體系政府型態Constitutional systemElectoral systemParty systemThe form of government
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(10) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:314
  • 點閱點閱:365
憲政體制與選舉制度的優劣無疑是政治制度研究的重要議題。然而,論者經常是將這兩個議題彼此切割,單獨探討各種憲政體制或選舉制度的優缺點。本文強調,憲政體制與選舉制度這兩種政治制度應該搭配在一起進行觀察,才有可能明確判斷一個國家究竟應採何種憲政體制和選舉制度較適宜。由於不同的選舉制度會塑造不同的政黨體系,不同的政黨體系與憲政體制搭配在一起會組合成不同的政府型態,而不同的政府型態則會各自展現出正面與負面的政治效應,因此本文即是以「憲政體制」、「選舉制度」、「政黨體系」、「政府型態」四個變項所形成的分析架構為基礎,探討不同憲政體制與選舉制度搭配下所可能造成的利弊得失,並對未來台灣在憲政體制與選舉制度的制度選擇提出粗淺的建議。就台灣的憲政體制走向而言,假若台灣未來的憲政體制將走向總統制,在立委選舉制度上應避免採取比例代表制或聯立制,以避免陷入政治僵局;假若台灣未來的憲政體制仍維持雙首長制,而立委選舉制度擬採取比例代表制或聯立制,則應設定政黨可分配席次門檻,以防止小黨林立造成政治不穩定,同時也應賦予立法院閣揆同意權,以避免出現缺乏施政效率的少數政府。
The contrasting impacts of different constitutional and electoral systems are undoubtedly important issues in the research of political institutions. Existing studies usually consider the advantages and disadvantages of each constitutional or electoral system separately, and ignore the fact that the two systems are in fact embedded together. This paper argues that the most appropriate constitutional and electoral system for a country can be discovered only when the two systems are considered together. Each electoral system produces a different party system, and each combination of party system and constitutional system also brings about a different form of government with its own positive and negative political effects. This paper investigates the strengths and weaknesses of different combinations of constitutional and electoral systems on the basis of an analytical framework consisting of four variables: the constitutional system, the electoral system, the party system and the form of government. Based on this framework, the paper also makes some suggestions regarding Taiwan’s constitutional and electoral reforms in the future. If Taiwan’s constitutional system moves towards presidentialism, in order to prevent political deadlock the legislature should not adopt a proportional representation system or compensatory two-vote system. If Taiwan retains a semi-presidential system and a proportional representation system or compensatory two-vote system is adopted for legislative elections, then a minimum vote threshold should be put in place to prevent the emergence of an atomized multi-party system, which may result in political instability. At the same time, the Legislative Yuan should be granted the power to approve nominations for the position of premier in order to guard against the emergence of inefficient minority government.
期刊論文
1.廖達琪、簡赫琳、張慧芝(20080900)。臺灣剛性憲法的迷思 : 源起、賡續暨其對憲改的影響。人文及社會科學集刊,20(3),357-395。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.黃秀端、陳鴻鈞(20060900)。國會中政黨席次大小對互動之影響--第三屆到第五屆的立法院記名表決探析。人文及社會科學集刊,18(3),385-415。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Linz, Juan J.(1990)。The Perils of Presidentialism。Journal of Democracy,1(1),51-69。  new window
4.Lipset, Seymour Martin(1990)。The Centrality of Political Culture。Journal of Democracy,1(4),80-83。  new window
5.陳春生(20080300)。單一選區兩票制實施後立法院之運行與改革。臺灣本土法學雜誌,104,129-139。  延伸查詢new window
6.許宗力(20000600)。「發現」雙首長制。新世紀智庫論壇,10,41-43。  延伸查詢new window
7.吳文程(19940300)。憲政體制、政黨政治與選舉制度。東吳政治學報,3,151-186。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.施正鋒(20000600)。亟待尋求共識的中央政府體制。政策月刊,59,26-31。  延伸查詢new window
9.彭錦鵬(20010600)。總統制是可取的制度嗎?。政治科學論叢,14,75-105。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Mainwaring, Scott(1993)。Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination。Comparative Political Studies,26(2),198-228。  new window
11.Horowitz, Donald L.(1990)。Comparing Democratic Systems。Journal of Democracy,1(4),73-79。  new window
12.林繼文(20061100)。政府體制、選舉制度與政黨體系:一個配套論的分析。選舉研究,13(2),1-35。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Massicotte, L.、Blais, A.(1999)。Mixed Electoral Systems: A Conceptual and Empirical Survey。Electoral Studies,18(3),341-366。  new window
14.Riker, William H.(19821200)。The Two-Party System and Duverger's Law: An Essay on the History of Political Science。American Political Science Review,76(4),753-766。  new window
15.林繼文(19990600)。單一選區兩票制與選舉制度改革。新世紀智庫論壇,6,69-79。  延伸查詢new window
16.Stepan, Alfred、Skach, Cindy(1993)。Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism。World Politics,46(1),1-22。  new window
17.謝復生(19940200)。憲政體制、選舉制度與政黨運作。理論與政策,8(2)=30,5-13。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.高朗(20010300)。評析我國少數政府與聯合政府出現的時機與條件。理論與政策,15(1)=57,1-11。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.吳重禮(20020600)。美國「分立政府」運作的爭議:以公共行政與政策為例。歐美研究,32(2),271-316。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.吳烟村(2000)。〈我國應建立總統制的中央政制〉。《政策月刊》,59,32-33。  延伸查詢new window
21.呂亞力(2000)。〈聯合內閣政體的起源與運作〉。《歷史月刊》,146,38-44。  延伸查詢new window
22.黃文財、王美惠、翟思嘉(2009)。〈新新聞獨家專訪馬英九總統-雙首長制成效,明年五月檢討〉。《新新聞》,1182,26-27。  延伸查詢new window
23.黃炎東(2004)。〈新世紀台灣憲政體制發展之研究〉。《新世紀智庫論壇》,28,92-109。  延伸查詢new window
24.Linz, Juan J.(1990)。The Virtues of Parliamentarianism。Journal of Democracy,1(4),80-83。  new window
25.Woldendrop, Jaap, Hans Keman, and Ian Budge.(1998)。“Party Government in Twenty Democracies: An Update (1990-1995).”。European Journal of Political Research,33(1),125-164。  new window
會議論文
1.Wu, Yu-Shan(2008)。Study of Semi-Presidentialism: A Holistic Approach。International Conference of Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy,(會議日期: October 17-18)。Taipei:Academia Sinica。  new window
2.王業立(2005)。總統制與內閣制的制度選擇。21世紀台灣新憲法論壇,東吳大學政治系,台灣法學會,21 世紀憲改聯盟[主辦] 。  延伸查詢new window
3.王業立(2005)。〈台灣憲政運作之回顧:政治制度的影響〉。台北。  延伸查詢new window
4.李酉潭(2005)。〈憲法時刻與台灣憲政體制的選擇〉。台北。  延伸查詢new window
5.汪平雲(2006)。〈我國中央政府體制改採總統制的改革方向與內容〉。台北。  延伸查詢new window
6.廖達琪、黃志呈(2001)。〈制度、企圖、選舉結果與聯合政府:台灣2001 年國會改選後個案分析〉。台北。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.吳玉山(2008)。半總統制的演化:進與出(3/3) (計畫編號:NSC96-2414-H-001-003)。  延伸查詢new window
2.Bergman, Torbjorn.(1995)。Constitutional Rules and Party Goals inCoalition Formation: An Analysis of Winning Minority Governments in Sweden。Umea。  new window
圖書
1.Lijphart, Arend(1998)。Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries。New Haven:Yale University Press。  new window
2.Bingham, Powell, G.(1982)。Contemporary Democracies。Cambridge:Harvard University。  new window
3.Shugart, Matthew S.、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamic。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.LeDuc, Lawrence、Niemi, Richard G.、Norris, Pippa(1996)。Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective。Thousand Oaks, CA:SAGE。  new window
5.Sartori, Giovanni(1997)。Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes。New York, NY:New York University Press。  new window
6.Rae, Douglas W.(1971)。The Political Consequences of Electoral Law。New Haven, CT:Yale University Press。  new window
7.謝復生(1992)。政黨比例代表制。臺北市:理論與政策雜誌社。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Elgie, Robert(2001)。Divided Government in Comparative Perspective。Oxford University Press。  new window
9.王業立(2008)。比較選舉制度。五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.高朗(2002)。總統制是否有利於民主鞏固。憲政體制與總統權力。臺北:國家政策研究基金會。  延伸查詢new window
11.黃昭元(2004)。〈以總統制建構台灣的中央政府體制〉。《憲改大對決-九七憲改的教訓》。台北。  延伸查詢new window
12.楊日青(2001)。〈政府體制、選舉制度、政黨制度與內閣組合的關係〉。《聯合政府-台灣民主體制的新選擇》。台北。  延伸查詢new window
13.顏厥安(2004)。總統制能正當處理台灣危機。憲改大對決 : 九七修憲的教訓。臺北:桂冠。  延伸查詢new window
14.Kavanagh, Dennis.(1995)。“Changes in Electoral Behavior and the Party System.”。In British Government and Politics since 1945: Changes in Perspective。Oxford。  new window
15.Lijphart, Arend.(1993)。“Constitutional Choice for New Democracies.”。The Global Resurgence of Democracy。Baltimore。  new window
16.Mettenheim, Kurt von and Bert A. Rockman.(1997)。“PresidentialInstitutions, Democracy, and Comparative Politics.”。PresidentialInstitutions and Democratic Politics: Comparing Regional andNational Contexts。Baltimore。  new window
17.Nohlen, Dieter.(1996)。“Electoral Systems and Electoral Reform in Latin America.”。In Institutional Design in New Democracies: EasternEurope and Latin America。Boulder:。  new window
圖書論文
1.Linz, Juan J.(1997)。Introduction: Some Thoughts on Presidentialism in Postcommunist Europe。Postcommunist Presidents。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Linz, Juan J.(1994)。Presidential and Parliamentary Democracies: Does It Make a Difference?。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives。Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
3.Sartori, Giovanni(1986)。The Influence of Electoral Systems: Faulty Laws or Faulty Methods?。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York:Agathon Press。  new window
4.Lijphart, Arend(1994)。Presidentialism and Majoritarian Democracy :Theoretical Observations。The Failure of Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives。Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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