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題名：總統與國會選制影響政黨體系的跨國分析
書刊名：問題與研究
作者：蘇子喬 引用關係／王業立
作者(外文)：Su, Tzu-chiao／Wang, Yeh-lih
出版日期：2012
卷期：51:4
頁次：頁35-64+66-70
主題關鍵詞：杜弗傑法則；總統選舉制度；國會選舉制度；政黨體系；國會有效政黨數；Duverger's law；Presidential electoral system；Parliamentary electoral system；Party system；Effective number of parliamentary parties
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相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:359
  • 點閱點閱:332
本文檢視全世界民主國家在不同總統與國會選制的搭配組合下，政黨體系有何不同。本文發現，就國會選制而言，國會選舉採比例代表制的國家，其國會有效政黨數在整體上明顯多於國會選舉採單一選區相對多數制的國家；而不論是國會選舉採比例代表制或是採單一選區相對多數制的國家，有總統直選制度之國家的國會有效政黨數，明顯少於無總統直選制度的國家。進一步言，在國會選舉採比例代表制的國家中，若總統選舉採相對多數制，其國會有效政黨數會少於總統選舉採兩輪決選制的國家；不過，在國會選舉採單一選區相對多數制的國家中，不論總統選舉採行相對多數制或兩輪決選制，其國會有效政黨數的差異不大。就總統選制而言，總統選舉採相對多數制的國家，其總統有效候選人數在整體上明顯少於總統選舉採兩輪決選制的國家。進一步觀察，會發現在總統選舉採相對多數制的國家中，若國會選舉採單一選區相對多數制，則總統有效候選人數顯得更少。而在總統選舉採兩輪決選制的國家中，若國會選舉採比例代表制，則總統有效候選人數顯得更多。至於總統選舉採相對多數制而國會選舉採比例代表制的國家，以及總統選舉採兩輪決選制而國會選舉採單一選區相對多數制的國家，這兩類國家的總統有效候選人數明顯介於前兩類國家之間。
This study comprehensively observes the party system under different collocations of presidential and parliamentary electoral system in democracies all over the world. Regarding parliamentary electoral system, it is found that the effective number of parliamentary parties in the countries adopting proportional representation system (PR), overall, is apparently larger than that in countries adopting plurality with single-member-district system (SMD), and that in countries holding direct presidential elections is clearly smaller than that in countries not holding direct presidential elections, regardless of which is adopted for parliamentary electoral system. Furthermore, as for countries adopting PR for parliamentary electoral system, the effective number of parliamentary parties in countries adopting plurality system for presidential electoral system is smaller than that in countries adopting majority system for presidential electoral system. However, as for countries adopting SMD for parliamentary electoral system, there is little difference in the effective number of parliamentary parties no matter whether plurality or majority system is adopted for presidential electoral system.Regarding the presidential electoral system, the effective number of presidential candidates in countries adopting plurality system for presidential electoral system, overall, is smaller than that in countries adopting majority system for presidential electoral system. To explore further, it is found that in countries adopting plurality system for presidential electoral system the effective number of presidential candidates appears smaller if SMD is adopted for parliamentary electoral system. However, in countries adopting majority system for presidential electoral system, the effective number of presidential candidates appears larger if PR is adopted for parliamentary electoral system. As for countries adopting plurality system for presidential electoral system and PR for parliamentary electoral system, and countries adopting majority system for presidential electoral system and SMD for parliamentary electoral system, the effective numbers of presidential candidates obviously lie between those of the above-mentioned two groups of countries.
期刊論文
1.林佳龍(19990600)。總統選制的選擇與效應。新世紀智庫論壇，6，44-65。  延伸查詢new window
2.Mainwaring, Scott(1993)。Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination。Comparative Political Studies，26(2)，198-228。  new window
3.吳文程(20010300)。Duverger's Hypothesis Revisited。東吳政治學報，12，41-73。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.田弘華、劉義周(20050600)。政黨合作與杜瓦傑法則：連宋配、國親合的賽局分析。臺灣政治學刊，9(1)，3-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.林繼文(20061100)。政府體制、選舉制度與政黨體系：一個配套論的分析。選舉研究，13(2)，1-35。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.王業立(20010900)。總統直選與憲政運作。理論與政策，15(3)=59，1-17。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.Laakso, Markku、Taagepera, Rein(1979)。The "Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe。Comparative Political Studies，12(1)，3-27。  new window
8.Riker, William H.(19821200)。The Two-Party System and Duverger's Law: An Essay on the History of Political Science。American Political Science Review，76(4)，753-766。  new window
9.蘇子喬(20100600)。憲政體制與選舉制度的配套思考。政治科學論叢，44，35-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.陳宏銘、蔡榮祥(20080600)。選舉時程對政府組成型態的牽引力：半總統制經驗之探討。東吳政治學報，26(2)，117-180。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Stepan, Alfred、Skach, Cindy(1993)。Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism。World Politics，46(1)，1-22。  new window
12.Duverger, Maurice(1980)。A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government。European Journal of Political Research，8(2)，165-187。  new window
13.李柏諭(20060300)。選舉制度對政黨體系之影響：臺灣總統、縣市長、立法委員、任務型國大選舉之實例比較。政治科學論叢，27，69-111。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.沈有忠(20050300)。制度制約下的行政與立法關係：以我國九七憲改後的憲政運作為例。政治科學論叢，23，27-60。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.王業立(19960500)。相對多數vs.絕對多數：各國總統直選方式的比較研究。選舉研究，3(1)，49-67。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.王業立(19950500)。單記非讓渡投票制的政治影響：我國民意代表選舉制度的探討。選舉研究，2(1)，147-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.陳佳吉(20040900)。選舉制度與政黨體系關聯性之研究。復興崗學報，81，133-176。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.Elgie, Robert(2008)。Semi-Presidentialism : An Increasingly Common Constitutional Choice。Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy: Institutional Choice, Performance and Evolution，(會議日期: 2008/10/17-18)。臺北：中央研究院。  new window
圖書
1.Epstein, Leon D.(1967)。Political Parties in Western Democracies。New York：Praeger。  new window
2.Shugart, Matthew S.、Carey, John M.(1992)。Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamic。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Duverger, Maurice、North, Barbara、North, Robert(1954)。Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State。London：University Paperbacks, Methuen。  new window
4.Lijphard, Arend、Aitkin, Don(1994)。Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-seven Democracies, 1945-1990。Oxford University Press。  new window
5.Sartori, Giovanni(1997)。Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes。New York, NY：New York University Press。  new window
6.Rae, Douglas W.(1971)。The Political Consequences of Electoral Law。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
7.王業立(20110000)。比較選舉制度。臺北：五南。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.謝復生(1992)。政黨比例代表制。臺北市：理論與政策雜誌社。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.王月玫(1998)。總統與國會選制的政治影響--以總統制、半總統制國家為例，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.王業立(2009)。總統選制應著眼過半統治。  延伸查詢new window
3.吳典蓉(2009)。也談絕對多數選制。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳長文(2009)。端正選風，改爲絕對多數決制。  延伸查詢new window
5.游清鑫(2006)。選舉、選舉制度與投票行爲，臺北：五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
6.蔡佳泓、王鼎銘、林超琦(2008)。選制變遷對政黨體系之影響評估：變異量結構模型之探討，臺北：五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.聯合報社論(2009)。以總統選舉絕對多數制爲修憲單一條款。  延伸查詢new window
8.Blais, Andre, Louis Massicotte and Agnieszka Dobrzynska(1997)。Direct Presidential Election: A World Summary。  new window
9.Jones, Mark P.(1994)。Presidential Electoral Laws and Multipartism in Latin America。  new window
10.Shugart, Matthew S. and Rein Taagepera(1999)。Plurality versus Majority Election of Presidents: A Proposal for a ‘Double Complement Rule。  new window
圖書論文
1.Duverger, Maurice(1986)。Duverger's Law: Forty Years Later。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York：Agathon Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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