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題名:明清獨特複合金屬砲的興衰
書刊名:清華學報
作者:黃一農 引用關係
作者(外文):Huang, Yi-long
出版日期:2011
卷期:41:1
頁次:頁73-136
主題關鍵詞:軍事史技術史物質文化複合金屬砲火砲Military historyHistory of technologyMaterial cultureComposite-metal cannonArtillery
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:73
  • 點閱點閱:112
至遲於萬曆四十八年(1620),明人開始仿鑄歐洲的前裝滑膛銅砲。此後二十多年與清軍交戰的過程中,明朝工匠陸續融入南方較發達的鑄鐵工藝以及北方已有逾百年傳統的鐵心銅體佛郎機子銃製法,造出品質絕佳的「定遼大將軍」砲。稍後,清朝也利用投降漢人工匠成功量產出結構類似的「神威大將軍」砲。這些複合金屬砲比銅砲更輕更省,且可強化砲管的抗膛壓能力,其品質應在世界居領先地位。然而,此一先進製法卻在清朝定鼎之後長期的平和狀態中遭到遺忘。道光二十年(1840)掀起的鴉片戰爭,迫使清廷重新大量造砲。此波新砲追求厚重,並令複合金屬技法再度風行,製出「耀威大將軍」等萬斤重砲。惟因其砲管內壁不夠勻稱,材質亦較西砲為差,仍無力面對西方列強的挑戰,紅夷火砲在中國也終於隨著稍後線膛砲的崛起而走入歷史。本文除介紹筆者過去十多年來所獲見的48 門深遭學界忽視的明清複合砲外,並嘗試勾勒出此類特殊砲種的「文化傳記(cultural biography)」。
期刊論文
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