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題名：說服與判斷：古典修辭對當代民主的啟發
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：胡全威
作者(外文)：Hu, Chuan-wei
出版日期：2013
卷期：55
頁次：頁1-32
主題關鍵詞：修辭；說服；民主；判斷；審議民主；Rhetoric；Democracy；Persuasion；Judgment
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:82
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本文從古典修辭觀反省當代民主政治。首先指出修辭在古典民主中的重要性與必要性。其次指出當代民主因為主客觀環境的變化，使得當代民主在政治溝通上，與古典民主運用修辭、訴諸群眾的互動模式有類似之處，因此可以引為借鏡。本文主要論點認為，古典修辭觀在「說服」與「判斷」兩項特質上，可以與當代盛行的審議民主理論作比較參照。由於當代審議民主過於強調理性言說、證成、審議等特質，因而無法貼近解釋現實政治，形成實踐與理論上的差距。當視角轉換到古典修辭觀時，反而更能理解當代民主的面貌，進而提供規範性的修正意見。總的來說，本文認為基於當代民主政治的發展趨勢，政治人物言說越顯重要，理論上的漠視，並不會使煽動、蠱惑、顛倒是非的政治人物消失。理論或規範層面上，必須正視這個現象。而本文認為古典修辭觀對於政治人物言說，提供極佳的規範概念，也更貼近政治實踐，易於借鏡，值得成為民主政體中公民教育的重要內涵。
This paper reflects on contemporary democracy from the perspective of classical rhetoric. I argue that persuasion and judgment, the two main elements of rhetoric, are better concepts for understanding and critiquing actual democratic processes than rational speech and justification in deliberative democratic theory. Rational speech and justification claims a higher degree of abstraction, making it impractical in the real world and producing a gap between theory and practice. On the other hand, rhetoric provides a more feasible normative approach to scrutinizing public speeches, and provided a more attractive model of proper persuasion. The process of ”persuasion” is distinctive from that of ”justification.” Persuasion assumes greater attention to the specific audience and use of easily understood language. I contend that it also implies a form of ”equality in speech” that is concerned with the specificity of the audience. In contrast, deliberative democrats presumes a universal and abstract audience, ignoring differences between audiences. This assumption of sameness sacrifices the power of persuasion. Furthermore, classical rhetoric emphasizes the importance of judgment; in particular, ”arguing on both sides” allows the audience to better understand the issues and make decisions that are more robust. In conclusion, the paper shows that ignorance of theory means that political demagogues disappear. Classical rhetoric provides a normative and practical guide to the realities of democracy, and should be made a part of civic education in a democratic regime.
期刊論文
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2.王冠生(2008)。羅爾斯公共理性理念研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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5.劉瑜(2010)。民主的細節：美國當代政治觀察隨筆。上海：上海三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
6.Conley, Thomas M.(1990)。Rhetoric in the European Tradition。Longman。  new window
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其他
1.(20110216)。政務官都應有「好膽愛心包」。  延伸查詢new window
2.吳典蓉(20110121)。權力的幻覺。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.王興中(2007)。審議與代議民主的結合：2005台南縣長選舉審議式辯論會。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。台北：台灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
2.Fishkin, James(2007)。邁向理想的公共諮詢：審議式民調與審議日。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。台北：台灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
3.范雲(2007)。開放空間。口中之光：審議民主的理論與實踐。台北：台灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
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8.Fontana, Benedetto、Nederman, Cary J.、Remer, Gary(2004)。Introduction: Deliberative Democracy and the Rhetorical Turn。Talking Democracy: Historical Perspectives on Rhetoric and Democracy。University Park：Pennsylvania State University Press。  new window
9.McKinney, Mitchell S.、Carlin, Diana B.(2004)。Political Campaign Debates。Handbook of Political Communication Research。Mahwah：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
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12.Wohl, Victeria(2009)。Rhetoric of the Athenian Citize。The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rhetoric。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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