我國明清時代所撰的類書，如永樂大典、古今圖書集成，與清乾隆所編 的四庫全書，是中國文化史上的鉅著，甚具學術文化價值。而法國狄德羅百科全 書，其編撰年代與四庫全書相近，在西方百科全書發展史上，佔有重要地位且影 響深遠。然而，這四部中西文化發展史上偉大之著作，其編撰的時代背景、思想 淵源卻有很大差異。本文試從思想背景、內容、編輯體例等層面，比較這四部巨 作之異同，以期對中西文化思想上的發展，有更進一步的認識。

　　　　　Ming-Qing' leishu , series in China and the eighteenth century's encyclopedia inFrance are great achievements in human society. However, there are various differences between these books. This article attempts to compare the difference betweenthem and focus on their historical background, content, editorial style et al. The resultsshow that the difference between China's leishu and France's encyclopedia is mainly inthe compiling ideology at that time.