|
參考文獻 中華民國老年醫學會 1994 台灣地區65歲以上老年疾病調查報告專刊。 中華民國老年醫學會與行政院衛生署 1994 台灣地區65歲以上老年疾病調查報告專刊。 內政部統計處 1997 民國八十五年台灣地區簡易生命表。 內政部統計處 1997 民國八十五年台灣地區簡易生命表。 衛生署家庭計畫研究所 2001 http://www.tpifp.gov.tw/ 行政院主計處、內政部 1986-1993 中華民國台灣地區老人狀況調查報告。 行政院主計處、內政部 1951-1999 臺閩地區人口統計。 行政院衛生署 1993-1997 死亡統計資料檔案,統計室。 行政院衛生署 1996 慢性病床與護理之家發展方向。台北:全民健康保險醫療服務研議小組座談。 行政院衛生署 1993-1997 中華民國衛生統計。 行政院衛生署 1994 WHO器官失常、功能障礙及角色殘障之國際分類中文版譯作。 王香蘋 1997 慢性病發展與長期照護政策,弘光技術學院學報第30期,台中,頁99-112。 王香蘋 1999 死亡率與罹病類型差異:老年女性健康問題之探討」,婦女與兩性學刊第十一期,頁129-150。 王榮德 1991 流行病學方法論─猜測與否證的研究,台北,健康世界雜誌社。 吳宜昆 1998 老人日常活動層級性量表之建構與分析,中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文,頁8-11。 吳鑫漢、蘇瑞芬、連倚南 1977 對中風病人日常生活的追蹤研究,復健醫學會雜誌,5:29-35。 吳淑瓊 1993-1997 老人長期照護研究,行政院衛生署委託研究計畫。 吳淑瓊、徐慧娟、及莊瑛智 1995 功能評估在估計老人長期照護需要之應用,國立師範大學成教研究中心「高齡學科國際研討會」,頁2-11。 吳淑瓊 1993-1997 〈老人長期照護研究〉,行政院衛生署委託研究計畫。 吳淑瓊與張明正 1997 台灣老人的健康照護現況分析,台北:國立台灣大學公共衛生研究所暨衛生政策研究中心,頁33-41。 邱亨嘉 1996 <全民健康保險對長期照護體系影響之研究>. 中央健康保險局八十五年度託研究計畫。 邱啟潤等 1988 居家中風病人之主要照顧者負荷情形及相關因素之探討,護理雜誌,35(1):69-83。 柯瓊芳 1995 歐洲各國老人自評健康狀況的比較研究,公共衛生,22(2):87-98。 胡幼慧 1991 社會流行病學,頁125-166。台北:巨流圖書公司。 胡澤芷 1997 台灣地區老人健康狀況之動態分析:多重狀態生命表的應用與分析。中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文。 涂肇慶、陳昭榮與陳寬政 1993 「台灣地區老年殘障率的研究」,台灣大學人口學刊第十五期,頁17-30。 張明正 1997 「台灣地區高齡人口自評健康及功能障礙之追蹤研究」,編入孫得雄、齊力、及李美玲主編之人口老化與老年照護論文集,台北:中華民國人口學會,業237-262。 張志仲 1993 由巴氏日常生活活動指數來探討中風病人在日常生活各種活動的依賴程度,中華民國職能治療學會雜誌,11:43-50。 陳建仁 1983 流行病學,台北,文笙書局。 陳紹馨 1979 台灣的人口變遷與社會變遷,台北,聯經出版事業公司。 陳寬政,余玉眉,與李麗雪 1995 <台灣地區老年疾病與功能障礙的指標建構>,行政院衛生署八十三年度委託研究計畫報告(未發表)。 陳寬政,陳昭榮與涂肇慶 1993 「老年殘障與醫療費用」,嘉義,國立中正大學社會福利學系暨研究所。 蔡文玲 1998 老人慢性病與失能情況之相關分析,高雄醫學院公共衛生學研究所碩士論文。 Allison PD 1995 Survival Analysis Using the SAS System: A Practical Guide. Cary, NC:SAS Institute Inc. Anderson RT, James MK, Miller ME, Worley AS, and Longino CF 1999 The Timing of Change: Patterns in Transitions in Functional Status among Elderly Persons”, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 53B(1):S17-S27. Annandale E, Hunt K 1990 Masculinity, Femininity and Sex: an Exploration of Their Relative Contribution to Explaining Gender Differences in Health. Sociology of Health and Illness, 12:24-46. Aneles RP, Gift HC, Ory, MG (ed.) 1994 Aging and Quality of Life. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Arber S and Cooper H 1999 Gender Difference in Health in Later Life: The New Paradox?, Social Science & Medicine, 48(1):61-76. Arber S and Ginn J 1994 Women and Aging, Review in Clinical Gerontology, 4:349-358. Binstock RH and George LK (ed.) 1995 Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 4th ed(pp97-110). London: Academic Press. Binstock RH and George LK (ed.) 1990 Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 3rd ed, London: Academic Press. 1996 Handbook of aging and the social sciences, 4th ed, London: Academic Press. Bird CE and Rieker PP 1999 Gender Matters: An Integrated Model for Understanding Men’s and Women’s Health, Social Science & Medicine, 48(3): 745-755. Bjork S and Roos P 1994 Analyzing changes in health-related quality of life, In Lennart Nordenfelt (ed.), Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care. p.229-240 Clarke J N 1983 Sexism, Feminism and Medicalism: A Decade Review of Literature on Gender and Illness, Sociology of Health and Illness, 5(1): 62. Cockerham WC 1991 This Aging Society, New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. Colvez A 1996 Disability Free Life Expectancy, in Shah Ebrahim and Alex Kalache (ed.), Epidemiology in Old Age, London. Colvez A 1996 Disability Free Life Expectancy, In Shah Ebrahim and Alex Kalache (ed.) (pp. 209-112) Epidemiology in Old Age, London. Crimmins EM and Saito Y 1994 Changing Mortality and Morbidity Rates and the Health Status and Life Expectancy of the Older Population, Demography, 31(1):159-175. Conrad P and Kern R 1994 The Sociology of Health and Illness: Critical Perspectives (pp.42-53), NY: St. Martin’s Press. Dewing J. 1992 A Critique of the Barthel Index. British Journal of Nursing, 1(7):325-329。 Department of International Economic and Social Affairs 1986 Consequences of Mortality Trends and Differentials, United Nations. Donnelly GH 1994 Chronically: Concept and Reality, Holistic Nursing Practice, 8(1):1-7. Fogel RW 1998 Can we Afford Longevity?, 對芝加哥大學商業學院校友的年度演講。 Ford AB, Folmar SJ, Salmon RB, Medalie JH, Roy AW, and Galazka SS 1989 Health and Function in the Old and Very Old, Journal of America Geriatric Sociology, 36:187-197. Fried LP and Guralnik JM 1997 Disability in Older Adults: Evidence Regarding Significance, Etiology, and Risk, Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 45:92-100. Fuller TD , Edward J N et al. 1993 Gender and Health: Some Asian Evidence, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34(3):252-271. Gee EM and Kimball MM (ed.) 1987 Women and Health, in Women and Aging, Butterworths, 29-52. Gove W R and Hughes M 1979 Possible Causes of the Apparent Sex Difference in Physical Health: An Empirical Investigation. American Sociological Review, 44:126-146. Gove WR 1984 Gender Differences in Mental and Physical llness: The Effects of Fixed Roles and Nurturant Roles, Social Science, 19:77-84. Gruenberg EM The Failure of Success, The Milbank Memorial Quarterly, 55:3-24. Guccione AA, Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Anthony JM, Zhang Y et al. 1994 The Effects of Specific Medical Conditions on Functional Limitations of Elders in the Framingham Study, American Journal of Public Health, 84(3):351-358. Harris T, Kovar MG, Suzman R, Kleinman JC, and Feldman JJ 1989 Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity in the Oldest-Old, American Journal of Public Health, 79:698-702. Hymovich DP and Hagopian GA 1992 Impact of Chronic Condition on the System, in Hymovich, D.P. and Hagopian,G.A. (ed.), Chronic Illness in Children and Adults. London:W. B.Saunders Company。 Hillsdale N J, Laurence E 1981 Gender and Health: An Update of Hypotheses and Evidence, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26:156-182. Hillsdale NJ, Laurence E 1989 The Twain Meet: Empirical Explanations of Sex Differences in Health and mortality, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30:282-304. Idler EL and Kasl S 1991 Health Perceptions and Survival: Do Global Evaluations of Health Status Realy Predict Mortality? Journal of Gerontology, 46(2): S55-S65. Jack MG , Andrea ZL , Donald FE and Mary GK 1989 Aging in the Eighties: The Prevalence of Comorbidity and its Association with Disability, Advance Data, National Center for Health Statistics. Jette AM 1981 Functional Status Index: Reliability of a Chronic Disease Evaluation Instrument. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (61):395-401。 Johnson RJ and Wolinsky FD 1994 Gender, Race, and Health: the Structure of Health Status among Older Adults. The Gerontologist, 34(1): 24-35. Jette AM 1980 Functional Status Index: Reliability of a Chronic Disease Evaluation Instrument. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (61):395-401。 Kaplan RM 1990 Behavior as the Central Outcome in Health Care, American Psychologist, 45(11):1211-1220. Kate H and Ellen A 1999 Relocating Gender and Morbidity: Examining Men’s and Women’s Health in Contemporary Western Societies, Social Science & Medicine, 48(1): 1-5. Keil JE, Gazes PC, Sutherland SE, Rust PF, Branch LG, and Tyroler HA 1989 Predictors of Physical Disability in Elderly Blacks and Whites of the Charleston Heart Study, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42:521-529. Knudsen C and McNown R 1993 Changing Cases of Death and the Sex Difference in the USA, Population Research and Policy Review, 12:27-41. Okolski M 1986 Relationship between Mortality and Morbidity Levels According to Age and Sex and Their Implications for Organizing Health Care Systems in Developed Countries. In Department of International Economic and Social Affairs (Ed.) (pp.150-155), Consequences of Mortality Trends and Differentials , United Nations. Lennart N 1994 Concepts and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Lammi UK, Kivela SL, Nisson A, Puska P, and Karvonen M 1989 Predicators of Disability in Elderly Finnish Men in a Longitudinal Study. Journal Clinical Epidemiology, 42:1215-1225. Litak E and Longino 1988 Migration Patterns among the Elderly: a Developmental Perspective, The Gerontologist, 27:266-272. Lorber J 1997 Gender and the Social Construction of Illness, Sage Publications, New York. Lyons RF, Sullivan MJL, Ritvo PG and Coyne JC 1995 Relationships in Chronic Illness and Disability, London: SAGE Publications. Kajandi M 1994 A psychiatric and intersectional perspective on quality of life, In Lennart Nordenfelt (ed.), Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care. pp.257-276 Manton KG, Stallard E and Corder LS 1998 The Dynamics of Dimensions of Age-related Disability 1982 to 1994 in the U.S. elderly population. Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 53A(1),B59-B70. Manton KG and Stallard E 1989 Changes in Health Functioning and Mortality, in Sidney M. Stahl(ed.), The Legacy of Longevity: Health and Health Care in Later Life. Newbury Park, CA: SAGA Publications. Manton KG 1989 A Longitudinal Study of Functional Change and Mortality in the United States, Journal of Gerontology: Social Science, 43(5), S153-S161. Marcus AC and Seeman TE 1981 Sex Differences in Health Status: A Re-examination of the Nurturant Role Hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 46:119. Marcus AC and Siegel J M 1982 Sex Differences in the Use of Physician Services: A Preliminary Test of the Fixed Role Hypothesis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23:186-97. Mechanic D 1978 Sex, Illness, Illness Behavior, and the Use of Health Service. Social Science and Medicine, 12B:207-14. Mechanic D 1981 The Epidemiology of Illness Behavior and its Relationship to Physical and Psychological Distress. In Mechanic, D. (ed.) (pp.68-79) Symptoms, Illness Behavior and Help-seeking. New York: Prodist. Miles A 1991 Women, Health and Medicine. Open University Press, Milton Keynes. Mishler EG 1981 Viewpoint: Critical Perspective on the Biomedical model, In Mishler, E., et al.(Eds.), Social Contexts of Health, Illness and Patient Care. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp.1-23. Mor V, and Murphy J et al. 1989 Risk of Function Decline among Well Elders. Journal Clinical Epidemiology, 42: 895-904. Muller CF 1990 Treatment Issues, in Muller, C. F.(ed). Health Care and Gender. New York: RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION. Nathanson CA 1975 Illness and Feminine Role: A Theoretical Review. Social Science and Medicine, 2: 57-62. Nora F, Mason KO, and Sogner S 1993 Women’s Position and Demographic Change, Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp213-224. Nussbaum M and Sen A (ed.) 1993 The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Patrick DL and Erickson P 1993 Health Status and Health Policy: Quality of Life in Health Care Evaluation and Resource Allocation. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.19-80, 95-422. Perls TT and Fretts RC 1998 Why Women Live Longer than Men. in Scientific American Presents, 9(2):100-103. Phillips DL and Segal BE 1969 Sexual Symptoms and Psychiatric Symptoms. American Sociological Review, 43:58-72. Popay J, Bartley M and Owen C 1993 Gender Inequalities in Health: Social Position, Affective Disorders and Minor Physical Morbidity. Social Science and Medicine, 36:21-32. Ronald PA, Helen CG and Marcia GO (ed.) 1994 Aging and Quality of Life, New York: Springer Publishing Company. Ross CE and Bird CE 1994 Sex Stratification and Health Lifestyle: Consequences for Men’s and Women’s Perceived Health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(June): 161-178. Sayer G and Britt H 1996 Sex Differences in Morbidity: A Case of Discrimination in General Practice. Social Science and Medicine, 2:257-264. Sandoe P and Kappel K 1994 Changing preferences: conceptual problems in comparing health-related quality of life, In Lennart Nordenfelt (ed.), Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in Health Care. p.161-180 Schag CC, Heinrich RL, Ganz PA 1984 Karnofsky Performance Status Revisited:Reliability, Validity, and Guidelines. Jurnal of Clinical Oncology, 2(3):187-193。 Simon HB 1994 Conquering Heart Disease: New Way to Live Well without Drugs or Surgery, Brown and Company. Simon HB. 1998 Longevity: The Ultimate Gender Gap. In Men: The Scientific Truth about Their Work, Play, Health and Passions (Pp.109-112) .New York: Scientific American Presents. Simon HB 1999 The Shape of Man. In Men Health Watch , 3(9):3-6. Stone DA 1988 Security, in (ed.), Policy Paradox and Political Reason. USA: Harper Collins Publishers. Thomas TP and Ruth CF 1998 Why Women Live Longer than Men—http://www.sciam.com/1998/ 0698women/0698perls.html Tu E J 1985 On Long-term Mortality Trends in Taiwan, 1906-1980, Chinese Journal of Sociology 9:145-164. Verbrugge LM 1985 Gender and Health: An Update of Hypotheses and Evidence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26:156-182. Verbrugge LM 1976 Sex Differentials in Morbidity and Mortality in the United State”, Social Biology, 23:275. 1981 Women and Men: Mortality and Health of Older People. in M. W. Riley, B. B. Hess, and K. Bond(eds.), Aging in Society: Selected Review of Recent Research. Verbrugge LM 1983 Women and Men: Mortality and Health of Older People. In M. W. Riley, B. B. Hess, and K. Bond(Ed.), Aging in Society: Selected Review of Recent Research(pp.16-36). Hillsdale, N.J.: Laurence Erlbaum. Verbrugge LM and Jette AM 1994 The Disablement Process, Social Science and Medicine, 38(1): 1-14. Verbrugge LM 1989 Pattern of Change in Disability and Well-being. Medical Care:27(3, suppl), S128-147. Waldron I 1983 Sex Differences in Illness Incidence, Prognosis and Mortality: Issues and Evidence”, Social Science and Medicine, 17:1107-1123. Waldron I 1993 Recent Trends in Sex Mortality Ratios for Adults in Developed Countries. Social Science and Medicine, 36:451-462. Waldron I 1995 Contributions of Changing Gender Differences in Behavior and Social Roles to Changing Gender Difference in Mortality. In: Amick, B. & Levine, S., et al (ed.), Society and Health, Oxford University Press. Williams ME 1990 Why Screen for Functional Disability in Elderly Persons? Annals of Internal Medicine, 112(9):639-640. Word Health Organization 1984 The Use of Epidemiology in the Study of Elderly. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 706. Geneva: WHO. Young RF and Olson EA 1991 Health , Illness, and Disability in Later Life: Practice Issues and Interventions, London: SAGE Publications. Yvonne JG and Victoria AV 1997 International Brief Gender and Aging, U.S. Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of The Census.
|