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題名：廠商能力建構基礎之實證研究--以台灣國際新創公司為例
作者：黃美卿
作者(外文)：Mei-Ching Huang
校院名稱：國立中正大學
系所名稱：企業管理研究所
指導教授：何雍慶
方世杰
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2003
主題關鍵詞：國際新創業；國際企業理論；知識基礎觀點；能力建構；International Entrepreneurship；International Business theory；Knowledge-based View；Capability Building
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中文摘要
【論文名稱】：廠商的能力建構基礎之實證研究-以台灣國際新創公司為例
【指導教授】：何雍慶博士 方世杰博士 [研究生】：黃美卿
【校院名稱】：國立中正大學 【系所名稱】：企業管理研究所
【學位類別】：博士 【學年度】：92
【語言別】：中文 【論文頁數】：320
本研究以台灣地區國際新創公司（INVs）為對象，植基於知識基礎觀點（KBV）探討廠商本身的能力建構基礎模式。鑒於過去傳統國際企業理論所強調的所有權專屬優勢或國際產品生命週期（IPLC）、北歐國際化進程學派（Uppsala international process）、順序性國際擴展等觀點皆說明了廠商的國際化活動僅為一種優勢善用（advantages exploitation），亦即為一種知識資源運用（knowledge resources exploitation）的形式，而非知識能力的建構（knowledge capabilities building）；再者，植基於創業領域的相關觀點所延伸的新創業國際化理論（new venture internationalization theory），認為知識是一種能力性資源，此種知識可藉由外部網絡關係（亦即為廠商本身的社會資本）獲取，包括經驗性與非經驗性的市場知識蓄積等，這些皆說明了知識能力資源對於廠商國際擴展的重要意涵。
本文即旨在從知識基礎理論與其延伸的能力等觀點，強調國際新創公司（INVs）之關鍵性知識性資產可以透過內部能力建構活動之建立與維持，以取得、分享與蓄積這些資產，而允許這種國際新創公司在創立初期且快速地國際化。再者，本文除了建立一研究廠商能力基礎（包含內部能力與社會資本）、國際擴展與能力建構之觀念性架構外，並據以建立五項二十二個假說。在實證研究方面，本研究首先進行個案研究以瞭解台灣國際新創公司的能力建構基礎過程，並以「能力建構」與「產出績效」作為實證模型之兩個依變項。接著，利用問卷調查法，蒐集資訊電子產業101家廠商之有效樣本，運用層級迴歸與路徑分析等統計分析方法，進行模型的檢定，得到下列的研究結論：
1. 內部能力構面對於能力建構基礎有正向影響。此即代表廠商本身的內部能力為能力建構基礎的本質；換言之，廠商的創業管理團隊能力、策略性能力以及技術化能力可為解釋國際新創公司能力建構基礎的形成要素。
2. 客戶涉入與供應商涉入程度愈高，均會對廠商的外部知識取得有顯著之影響結果。但就內部知識整合方面，僅有客戶涉入部分對廠商的知識整合活動有正向影響，但是供應商涉入部分則未獲支持。
3. 國際多角化的程度愈高與愈採用高控制程度的進入模式，均會對廠商的外部知識取得有顯著之影響結果。同時會因國際多角化的程度愈高與愈採用高控制程度的進入模式，對廠商內部的知識整合活動造成負向之影響結果。
4. 當廠商的創始國際化年齡愈早，則愈對國際多角化、高控制進入模式與外部知識取得活動有顯著影響效果；亦即創始國際化年齡本身對國際多角化、高控制進入模式與外部知識取得活動有強化作用。
5. 能力建構與產出績效確實有顯著之正向關係。代表能力建構實為一種廠商內部知識資源的轉換機制，廠商必須透過學習與整合方式，予以重新組合並內化本身的知識資產，才能真正地擴大本身的知識庫藏，而有利於國際新創公司的成長活動。
關鍵詞：國際新創業、國際企業理論、知識基礎、能力建構
Thesis Abstract
An Empirical Study on Firm Capability Building Base for International New Ventures（INVs）in Taiwan
【NAME】：Mei-Ching Huang 【MONTH/YEAR】：December，2003
【ADVISORS】：Professor Yung-Ching Ho；Professor Shih-Chieh Fang
This research articulates knowledge-based view to shed light on capability building base for International New Ventures（INVs） in Taiwan. According to conventional international business theories, they did not clearly indicate capability perspectives, especially capability building, nor systematically address the relationship between knowledge base and capability building. However, the capability perspective has the potential to enrich conventional international business theories such as those concerning ownership-specific advantages（Foreign direct investment）, international product life cycles(IPLC)，Uppsala international process（U-model）, sequencing expansion, all only offer advantages exploitation；in other words, they are just an knowledge resources exploitation form, not knowledge capabilities building form. Furthermore, the “new venture internationalization theory”, that draws on entrepreneurship research, views knowledge more as an enabling resource. It allows for an earlier and more rapid internationalization for INVs.
In this research, we develop a knowledge-based view framework to explore the effects of internal capabilities and external social capital on INVs’ capability building activities. The knowledge-based framework has proven useful for explaining international expansion choices, and knowledge plays an important role in both the process theory of internationalization and the new venture theory of internationalization. To sum up, this study is focused on three questions：（1）What antecedents will construct firm capability building base？（2）What are the roles of knowledge acquisition and knowledge integration for firm capability building activity？（3）Whether capability building activity could enhance firm output performance？ Based upon both knowledge-based and capability view, we consider that a firm can create、accumulate and share these knowledge assets, through within the internal capability building activities. Furthermore, this article proposes a conceptual framework for studying the relevant topic, and we build 22 hypothesis to test the research model.
Through mail survey, 101 effective samples of INVs of Taiwan information electronic firms are collected and analyzed. Using hierarchy regression and path analysis model two main methods, and the most presumed assumptions under the framework of this study have been proved as right. The major findings of this study are summarized as following:
1.The internal capabilities of firm are positively associated with the capability building base, including EMT、strategic capability & technological capability have statistically significant effects on firm capability building base indicators.
2.Among social capital indicators, customer involvement do have statistically significant effect on firm capability building base indicators, including knowledge acquisition and integration. But supplier involvement are partially positive
3.Among international expansion indicators, international diversity and high control entry mode do have positively significant effect on knowledge acquisition, but for knowledge integration is negatively significant effect. This results also supports theorists who emphasized the importance of firm international expansion activities enhancing the learning experiences.
4.The younger the age of firm initial internationalization is, the stronger the knowledge acquisition of the firm. In other words, the age of firm initial internationalization have an highly positive influence on the firm’s ability to learn on international expansion activities.
5.Capability building is, in turn, positively associated with firm output performance, including growth orientation and capability enhancement.
In summary, the path model tests suggested that a mediation model fit our data better than a direct effects model. Tests of specific paths revealed that capability building mediates the relationships between （1）internal capabilities and output performance, （2）social capital and output performance, and（3）international expansion and output performance.
Keywords：International entrepreneurship、
Internationalization theory
Knowledge-based view、Capability building
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