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題名:理情行為親職團體諮商運用於非行少年家長之效果研究
作者:陳貞夙
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:謝麗紅
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2011
主題關鍵詞:理情行為治療親職壓力親職效能親職信念親職團體諮商非行少年Rationl Emotive Behavior Therapyparentinggroup counselingjuvenile delinquencyparenting stressparental self-efficacyparental irrational beliefsparental beliefsdelinquent offender
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本研究旨在了解本國非行少年之家長親職信念、親職效能與親職壓力之情形,並依據理情行為治療(Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)之觀點設計符合非行少年之父母所需的親職團體諮商方案,以增進非行少年之家長管教的合理信念,降低親職壓力,提昇親職效能,從而減少非行少年之再犯以及相關偏差行為。本研究共分為二部份,第一部份進行調查研究,第二部份進行準實驗研究。第一部分調查研究樣本,以全國非行少年分層隨機取樣,獲得非行少年家長440人,一般少年之家長以立意取樣獲得100人,共取得有效樣本為484人;第二部份準實驗研究以臺灣高雄少年法院非行少年家長自願參加者二十位,分為實驗組與控制組共二組,由研究者擔任團體帶領者,進行十二週,每次二小時,共二十四小時的理情行為親職團體諮商,並於實驗進行開始前、第十二次團體完成時及團體方案結束後ㄧ個月後追蹤,分別施予親職信念、親職效能與親職壓力等量表,以了解實驗之成效。本研究資料以SPSS統計軟體,分別進行項目分析、信度分析、主成分因素分析、單因子變異數分析、Logistic迴歸分析、多元逐步迴歸分析、Pearson積差相關分析、徑路分析及單因子共變數分析等,獲得主要研究發現如下:
ㄧ、非行少年家長的非理性親職信念及親職壓力高於一般少年之家長,且一年內所面臨
壓力事件顯著多於一般少年之家長。
二、非行少年家長在「父母效能」、「生涯效能」及親職效能總分都顯著低於一般少年之
家長,「自我效能」二組家長無顯著差異。
三、親職信念量表、親職效能量表及親職壓力量表可以有效分類有無非行少年之家長。
四、非行少年的男性家長「愧疚補償」非理性親職信念顯著高於女性家長。
五、非行少年的女性家長面對「少年的情緒易變」以及自身感受到的「社會疏離」二種
親職壓力顯著高於男性家長。
六、養育女性非行少年的家長所面臨「社會疏離」的親職壓力顯著高於養育男性非行少
年。
七、養育12-15歲年紀的非行少年家長其「愧疚補償」的非理性親職信念顯著高於養育
16-18歲非行少年的家長。
八、親職信念分別與親職效能及親職壓力達到部份顯著相關,親職效能則與親職壓力具
有顯著的負相關。
九、親職信念與親職效能皆能預測親職壓力,且親職效能具有中介作用。
十、實施理情行為親職團體諮商在改善親職非理性信念具有立即及一個月追蹤之效果,立即效果方面包括改善「失敗父母」親職信念,追蹤效果包括 「困難教養」、「失敗父母」、「愧疚補償」、「情緒控制」、「父母角色」等親職信念。
十一、實施理情行為親職團體諮商在提昇親職效能方面無立即之效果,僅有「生涯效能」
具追蹤之效果。
十二、實施理情行為親職團體諮商在減低親職壓力方面有立即及一個月追蹤之效果,立
即效果方面包括減低「父母層面」的親職壓力,追蹤效果包括減低「青少年層面」
及「父母層面」的親職壓力。
十三、從實驗組家長出席率以及領導者評估團體互動之氣氛,佐證理情行為親職團體諮
商具有凝聚力、支持及解決問題等團體諮商之功能。
十四、從相關團體過程等文件資料佐證,實施理情行為親職團體諮商能減緩少年非行行
為之惡化。
本研究根據研究結果,分別對量表、團體方案及未來研究提出建議,以供心理諮商從業人員、親職教育工作者之參考。
Juvenile delinquency is associated with the parenting issue. Literatures indicated the parenting stress is a sign about appreciate parenting attitude and the parental self –efficacy may medicate parenting stress. In addition, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)can ameliorate the stress. The purposes of the thesis explore the two aspects: a)the specific parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress on parents of juvenile delinquent; b)the effects of REBT parenting group counseling on juvenile offenders’ parents.
Two studies had been conducted in the research. Three instruments were administered as measures, the Parental Beliefs Scale, the Parental Self-Efficacy Scales(revised from Bandura, 2006), and the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents (SIPA; Sheras, Abidin & Konold, 1998).
In study 1 , the samples were collected 440 parents of delinquency and 100 parents of non-delinquency to explore the difference between the two group samples. And 440 parents of delinquency were compared with the parent’ gender, delinquent gender and delinquent age on parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. Additionally, the study also investigates the correlation between parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress for juvenile offenders’ parents.
In Study 2, a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design, investigated the influence of a REBT parenting counseling group for juvenile offenders’ parents on their parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. The treatment was a twelve-week counseling group experience.The REBT parenting counseling group program is a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy designed specifically for parents of juvenile delinquency to change parental irrational beliefs, enhance parental self-efficacy and alleviate parenting stress by teaching parents REBT strategies to improve delinquency behavior performance. The sample included 10 parents of juvenile offenders ages 14-21 in the treatment groups and 10 parents of the same ages delinquency in the control group. Participants finished the above-mentioned three instrunments at pre, post and one month follow-up times to investigated differences between the control and experimental group on the dependent variables pre-post change scores in parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress.
The results were as follows:
1. After accounting for significant t-test, juvenile offenders’ parents had more parental irrational beliefs , lower parental self-efficacy and more parenting stress. Parents’ self-efficacy was found no statistically significant between the juvenile offenders’ parents and the non-delinquency parents. Also, a Logistic regression analysis was conducted to find out the variables via three instrutments to distinguish the juvenile offenders’ parents from the non-delinquency parents.
2. Analyses of variances were use to compare differences with parents’ gender, delinquence gender and offenders’ age in 440 offender’s parents on parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. Overall results indicated significant differences : 1) male parents had more shame-compensation irrational beliefs than female parents, 2)female parents’ MEL subscale and SOC subscale stress scores were higher than male parents’, 3)raising female delinquent offenders’ parents had more SOC stress than raising male delinquent offenders’ parents, 4) raising age 12-15 delinquent offenders’ parents had more shame-compensation irrational beliefs than raising age 16-18 delinquent offenders’ parents.
3. Pearson correlation test,stepwise regression and path analysis were used to examined the relationship of the parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. Results revealed that less parenting stress was significantly related higher parental self-efficacy and more parenting stress was significantly related to more parental irrational beliefs. However, not all of the six parenting beliefs were significantly correlated with parenting stress and parental self-efficacy. Additionally, parental beliefs and parental self-efficacy were to predict and affect parenting stress. Also, parental self-efficacy was found to moderate the relationship between parenting stress and parental beliefs.
4. Analyses of covariance were conducted using the pretest scores as the covariate. Using the.05 level of significance, the experimental group differed from the control group in three : parental beliefs, parental self-efficacy and parenting stress. These positive results :a) to redirct failure parent irrational beliefs, b)to reduce PD stress, occurred at the posttest measurement . And, These positive results: a)to redirect more irrational beliefs,b)to enhance career efficacy, c) to reduce PD and AD stress ,were present at one month followup. However, two groups did not differ significantly in their parental self-efficacy.
Implications of these results and suggestions for practice and future research are discussed.
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