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題名:探究中國高新區域建構模式:以長三角半導體產業為例
作者:范淑敏
作者(外文):Fan, Shumin
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:都市計劃研究所
指導教授:周志龍
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2011
主題關鍵詞:中國、高新區域、長三角、山寨市場、地方升級High-tech regions, China, Shanzhai market, Local upgrading, Production Networks
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在回答這個問題:「中國究竟有那些特殊的制度環境,可以能有效地促進地方生產網絡不斷地發展?」,透過高新企業的生成、區域的技術學習以及地方升級等三大議題,來探究中國高新區域的建構模式,試圖解讀中國高新區域有那些特殊的制度環境因素,可能影響地方產業的發展與升級。為了回答上述的研究問題,本研究以關係觀點,從國家角色、跨國資本與技術,以及消費市場關係等面向,以長三角的半導體產業進行相關實證討論。本研究的主要研究發現為「中國獨特的制度環境下所成長的山寨市場,有助於提高長三角的技術學習效率,以及產業群聚效應」。
本研究發現中國高新區域的建構模式,主要有三個重要的特質:(1)中國高新企業的生成和發展,國家仍扮演著主導和資源支配的角色,只是介入方式隨著時間而有所不同。(2)長三角的技術學習,相當程度受到兩岸關係所制約。(3)中國消費市場的快速崛起。前兩項來自於國家涉入和跨國資本與技術的策略性行動,第三項為偶發事件(contigengcy)。然而,前兩項因素雖快速組構中國高新區域的運作與發展,但在地方產業網絡結構方面,卻出現碎化現象,形成所謂科技飛地(enclaves),使得產業群聚的效應,以及技術學習的效率,遠遠不如預期。然而,中國山寨市場的出現,意外地,給予中國一些中小型的IC設計公司練兵機會和場域,不僅使得半導體產業鍊更加完整,也有助於提高長三角企業之間的技術學習的效率與產業群聚的效應。
理論上討論後進國家的地方升級,偏好關注於國家或跨國領導企業的角色與重要,認為是後進國家的地方升級的重要關鍵。然而,本研究認為中國的地方升級的機會與可能性,在於中國本土廠商,如何回應中國內需市場的崛起,以自身優勢如快速反應市場的需求、低營運成本等優勢,完成廠商本身所需要的技術和資本的積累,然後利用全球經濟的發展軸線翻轉的機會,相互學習,強化虛擬整合所形塑而成的整體技術能力,以合理的性價比,與跨國領導企業進行差異化的競爭。
This study aims to answer the question: "What specific institutional environment can effectively promote the continuous growth of local production networks?" Through three major issues, the emergence of Chin’s high-tech enterprises, regional technological learning and industrial upgrading, it explores the model of Chin’s high-tech regions building ,and explains under what special institutional environment may affect the development and upgrading of China’s high-tech regions. The major findings are that Shanzhai market from China’s specific institutional environment helps to increase the efficiency of technological learning and the external effects of industrial clusters in the Yangtze Delta River.
This study also finds that there are three specific characteristics of China’s high-tech regions building: (1) Regarding the emergence and growth of China’s high-tech enterprises , the state still plays a dominant role in resource allocation, but interventions vary over time. (2) Technological learning of the Yangtze River Delta has been restrained by the cross-strait relations to some extent. (3) The rise of the China’s Shanzhai market. The former two comes from the strategic options of the state and transnational capital, but the formation of industrial network structure is often viewed as “technological enclaves” that industrial networks are fragmented. The latter one is accidental, but rather makes local industrial chains complete.
In theory, most of the empirical studies about local upgrading in less developed countries highlight the importance of global leading enterprises. However, this study suggests the opportunities and possibilities of local upgrading come from China’s domestic enterprises. The key of local upgrading is how they can response to the demand of domestic market and how they can cooperate and learn each other to accumulate their capital and technology.
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