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題名:台灣百年企業新產品開發案評選之研究
作者:張桂綸
作者(外文):Kuei-Lun Chang
校院名稱:國立臺北科技大學
系所名稱:工商管理研究所
指導教授:廖森貴
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2011
主題關鍵詞:平衡計分卡百年企業理想解類似度偏好順序法新產品開發關鍵成功因素網絡分析法analytic network processbalanced scorecardcentury-old businesseskey success factor of new product developmenttechnique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution
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全球市場競爭越來越激烈,組織開始意識到新產品開發的重要性,藉由新產品開發來達到差異化是組織追求成功最有效的策略之一。企業要能存續超過百年以上非常不容易,能在競爭激烈的環境中生存下來,有其值得探究的地方。對於台灣的中小企業來說,研發與新產品開發是重要的,新產品可以讓獲利提升,避免銷售量的降低。家族企業如果願意創新,將有助於其擴張到國際市場中。台灣的百年企業多屬家族企業以及中小企業,所以新產品開發對它們來說很重要,過去有關百年企業的相關文獻,並未針對這個議題進行研究,所以本研究針對百年企業新產品開發這個重要的部份進行探討。開發新產品的過程充滿風險,組織必須要仔細地評估其新產品,但是通常無法運用適當的方法來評估,平衡計分卡連結財務、非財務;有形、無形;內部、外部等要素,可以提供決策者一個完整的架構來評選新產品開發案。然而,除了平衡計分卡的概念外,本研究為了讓決策結果更佳準確,還導入新產品開發的關鍵成功因素。透過百年企業主管的意見篩選出重要的十二個準則,再根據平衡計分卡的概念建立研究架構來評選台灣百年企業最佳的新產品開發案。在方法論部分,考量到新產品開發關鍵成功因素、平衡計分卡要素間存在相互影響的關係,以及網絡分析方法需要許多配對比較矩陣的問題,先運用網絡分析方法,求得各評估準則之相對權重,而理想解類似度偏好順序法則根據網絡分析法求得的權重來排序方案,協助百年企業主管評選出最佳的新產品開發案。
A business which can operate for more than 100 years is rare. In 2008, Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) established an association to help century-old businesses for maintaining growth and competitive advantage. To maintain a continuous competitive advantage of a company, developing new products is necessary. However, new product development (NPD) is a risky process. The vital issue in NPD is how to select the optimal projects for new products. The decision makers need a comprehensive selecting model for optimal NPD projects. Balanced scorecard (BSC) which links financial and non-financial, tangible and intangible, inward and outward factors can provide an integrated viewpoint for decision makers to select optimal NPD projects. Moreover, the key success factors (KSFs) of NPD are also taken into account in this paper to select optimal NPD projects.
We combine BSC with KSFs of NPD to construct the hierarchy for selecting optimal NPD projects. Considering the interrelated criteria of BSC and KSFs of NPD, analytic network process (ANP) is used to obtain their weights. To reduce the pairwise comparisons, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is then used to rank the NPD projects. By integrating ANP and TOPSIS, we can help Taiwanese century-old businesses managers make better decisions for NPD projects selecting.
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