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題名:官僚制度與民主政治:以美日臺的結構性比較分析為例
書刊名:人文及社會科學集刊
作者:王輝煌
作者(外文):Wang, Huei-huang
出版日期:2000
卷期:12:2
頁次:頁347-386
主題關鍵詞:官僚體制人事制度內部勞動力市場位階層級職位分類組織二元原理職涯安全專業主義派系人情關係競爭行政革新Bureaucratic systemsCivil servicesInternal labor marketsRanking hierarchiesJob classificationsThe duality principle of organizationsCareer securityProfessionalismFactionsFactionalismRelational transactionsRelational competitionAdministrative reform
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(4) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:372
  • 點閱點閱:206
本文主要比較日本、美國、與臺灣官僚體制在結構上的異同,並解釋這些異同對官僚組織與成員在民主政治中所扮演角色的影響。本文認為位階層級制乃三國官僚皆表現出高度講究人情關係的主因。不過,日本的位階層級與各部會組織重疊,雖然封閉但高度制度化且習於在政策上冒險犯難,因此,人情關係成為行政組織團隊精神的基石。美國的位階層級制則屬開放性質,重用專業人才,其專業官僚效忠組織外部的專業社群,崇尚專業道德,不但對組織辦事效率有所提升、重視創新,也促進行政組織中系統性的專業整合。臺灣官僚的位階層級則不與行政組織重疊、專業主義也也不發達,不但封閉更缺乏制度化,結果導致官僚機構內部的割裂與派系化。這些不同的官僚行為特質,對官僚制度在民主政治中所扮演的角色,有重大的影響。
This paper is a comparative study of the bureaucratic system in Taiwn, Japan, and the U.S. Drawing on internal labor market theories, I develop a rational framework for comparing the effects of bureaucratic structures on public orgnizations, their members, and their roles in democratic politics. My argument is that thr bureaucratic systems of these countries all develop a propensity toward relational transactions due to the adoption of different types of ranking hierarchies. Due to its effective institutionalization and management of 'closed type' relational transactions, the Japanese system is able to bend bureaucratic behavior toward a group or organization-based team spirit.
Characterized more by 'open type' relational transactions as well as professionalism, the public organizations of the U.S. system emphasize efficiency and integration. Marked by a closed but not well institutionalized ranking hierarchy, the bureaucratic system in Taiwan is rife with internal factions and cleavages. These different styles of bureaucratic behavior have significant implications for democratic politics in these countries.
期刊論文
1.Ben-Porath, Yoram(1980)。The F-Connection: Families, Friends, and Firms and the Organization of Exchange。Population and Development Review,6(1),1-30。  new window
2.Hamilton, G. G.、Biggart, N. W.(1988)。Market, Culture, Authority: a Comparative Analysis of Management and Organization in the Far East。American Journal of Sociology,94(Supplement),52-94。  new window
3.江岷欽、劉坤億(19961100)。企業型官僚理念的省思。空大行政學報,6,123-136。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.關中(19961000)。改革文官制度,厲行行政革新--價值抉擇與政策方向。考銓季刊,8,2-13。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.(1992)。海軍不能明媒正娶獵雷無法申報戶口:海軍獵雷艦採購內幕。新新聞,255,30-32。  延伸查詢new window
6.(1991)。每次決策背後都有位藏鏡人:財經幕僚在決策過程所扮演的角色。新新聞,238。  延伸查詢new window
7.Atsuyuki, Suzuta(1978)。The Way of the Bureaucrat。Japan Echo,5(3),42-53。  new window
8.王輝煌(1997)。人事制度與組織力;比較日本與臺灣品位分類制與文官體系之組織能力間的關係。考銓,11,43-54。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.吳瓊恩(1997)。心靈改革與國家競爭力的提升。公務人員月刊,12,23-29。  延伸查詢new window
10.(1992)。環保大敵叫陣、部會大踢皮球。新新聞,259。  延伸查詢new window
11.(1992)。男人女人戰爭不斷、部長總裁實在難為。新新聞,259,58-59。  延伸查詢new window
12.蕭全政(1999)。政府再造與企業家精神。暨大學報,3(1),321-336。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.熊瑞梅、東海大學社會學系[計畫執行](1992)。快速成長的郊區之菁英影響力結構及居民社會資源 (計畫編號:NSC 81-0301-H029-01)。  延伸查詢new window
2.殷文俊、華力進(1985)。當前行政機關公務人員士氣之研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
3.國家建設計劃委員會(1979)。改進我國文官人事制度之研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
4.行政院經濟革新委員會(1985)。金融行政革新之研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.蕭銓(1991)。當前行政機關公務人員升遷制度之研究,臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
2.蔡秀涓(1998)。我國政府部門升遷現象之研究:從組織政治觀點分析(博士論文)。政治大學,台北。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.賴國星(1983)。我國高級行政人員有效運用之研究,0。  延伸查詢new window
4.許舜閱(1993)。威權政治下臺灣中央行政體制的發展歷程(1950-1993),0。  延伸查詢new window
5.張小蘭(1987)。我國兩制合一人事制度之研究,0。  延伸查詢new window
6.葉俊秀(1998)。我國官僚政治下軍事官僚政策制訂過程研究-以「航發中心」改制為例,0。  延伸查詢new window
7.鄭麗嬌(1981)。我國專業人員疏離感之研究-臺灣省住宅及都市發展局個案研究,0。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Rohr, John A.(1986)。To Run a Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State。Lawrence, Kansas:University Press of Kansas。  new window
2.王輝煌(1998)。Technology, Economic Security, State, and the Political Economy of Economic Networks: A Historical and Comparative Research on the Evolution of Economic Networks in Taiwan and Japan。Lanham:University Press of America。  new window
3.Koh, B. C.(1989)。Japan's Administrative Elite。Los Angeles, CA:University of California Press。  new window
4.Zimmerman, Ferold L., Jr.、Smith, Clifford W.、Brickley, James A.(1997)。Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture。沒有紀錄:Irwin Book Team。  new window
5.徐有守(1984)。我國當今人事制度析論。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
6.Laffin, Martin(1986)。Professionalism and policy: The role of the professions in the central-local government relationship。Brookfield, Vt.:Gower Pub., Co.。  new window
7.Etzioni-Halery, Eva(1983)。Bureaucracy and Democracy: A Political Dilemma。Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
8.倪炎元(1995)。東亞威權政體之轉型--比較臺灣與南韓的民主化歷程。臺北:月旦出版社股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
9.Aoki, Masahiko(1988)。Information, Incentives, and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy。London:Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.吳瓊恩(2006)。行政學。台北:三民。  延伸查詢new window
11.Aberbach, Joel D.、Putnam, Robert D.、Rockman, Bert A.(1981)。Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies。Harvard University Press。  new window
12.Rasmussen, J. S.、Moses, J. C.(1995)。Major European Governments。International Thomson Publishing。  new window
13.Mosher, F. C.(1982)。Democracy and the Public Service。New York, NY。  new window
14.Fukuyama, Francis、李宛蓉(1998)。誠信:社會德性與繁榮的創造。臺北:立緒文化事業有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
15.Wilson, James Q.(1989)。Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do it?。Basic Books。  new window
16.Nakane, Chie(1970)。Japanese Society。University of California Press。  new window
17.Daft, R. L.(1995)。Organization theory and design。Minneapolis:West Publishing Company。  new window
18.彭文賢(1988)。行政生態學。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
19.Williamson, Oliver E.(1985)。The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms Markets, Relational Contracting。Macmillan, Ltd:Free Press。  new window
20.Kuhn, Thomas Samuel(1970)。The Structure of Scientific Revolutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
21.王振寰(1996)。誰統治台灣?轉型中的國家機器與權力結構。巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.Crane, Diana(1972)。Invisible Colleges: Diffusion of Knowledge in Scientific Communities。University of Chicago Press。  new window
23.Okimoto, Daniel I.、Rohlen, T. P.(1988)。Inside the Japanese System: Readings on Contemporary Society and Political Economy。Inside the Japanese System: Readings on Contemporary Society and Political Economy。沒有紀錄。  new window
24.Lansbury, R.(1978)。Professionals and Management。Professionals and Management。沒有紀錄。  new window
25.Kim, Wan-Jin、Zeile, W.、Hamilton, Gary G.(1990)。The Network Structures of East Asian Economics。Capitalism in Contrasting cultures。Berlin, Germany/ New York, NY。  new window
26.陳秉華(1995)。國內外碩士以上人才就業狀況之比較分析。國內外碩士以上人才就業狀況之比較分析。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
27.Allison, G. T.(1979)。Public and Private Management: Are They Fundamentally Alike in All Unimportant Respects?。Classics of Public Administration。Chicago, IL。  new window
28.Appleby, P.(1945)。Government Is Different。Classics of Public Administration。Chicago, IL。  new window
29.Stillman II, R. J.(1987)。The American Bureaucracy。The American Bureaucracy。沒有紀錄。  new window
30.日本國民經濟研究協會(1991)。日本公社公團等民營化之研究。日本公社公團等民營化之研究。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
31.李建興(1979)。我國大學研究所畢業生就業狀況調查分析。我國大學研究所畢業生就業狀況調查分析。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Murakami, Yasusuke、Rohlen, Thomas P.(1992)。Social-Exchange Aspects of the Japanese Political Economy: Culture, Efficiency, and Change。The Political Economy of Japan, Vol. 3: Cultural and Social Dynamics。Stanford University Press。  new window
2.施能傑(1994)。公務人力資源的激勵與發展:政策、問題與對策。重建文官體制。台北:業強出版社。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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