亞理斯多德倫理學主要見於《尼各馬科倫理學》一書。此書卷首扮演了全書的指揮中心的角色，清楚的指出倫理學為一種人生「目的論」，此目的是人類活動的動力。根據此理論，人的理性行為會引導他的日常行為趨向其追求的幸福，即善。而各種「德行」的培養就是幫著人達到此目的。德行的種類、條目、性質在各卷中有詳盡的討論，但卻不是本文研就的對象。吾人寫作的主旨是討論「目的論」之根據，指出此說的優越性與啟發性，也提出它的幾個疑點或不足。本文在結構上分成兩大部份，第一部分是介紹與解析亞氏的幸福目的論；第二部是對此說的評議，討論人性論基礎，研究其內在目的性與自律他律的關係，以及效益論和義務論對此說的補充性。

Aristotle’s ethical theory is primarily and systematically presented in his Nichomachean Ethics. This work consists of ten books, and book One is the control center for the rest of this discussion. It clearly presents ethics as a matter of knowing life’s end, and it is this end that motivates man’s activities. Accordingly, man’s rational function leads his daily activities towards this final end: his happiness, the Good. To cultivate virtues is precisely to enable him to attain this end easier. The different types of virtues and their characteristics are discussed in details after Book One, but they are not the concern of this paper. Here, I examine the reasons why Aristotle proposed this theory, its merits and inspiration; I also discuss some of its doubts and inadequacies. This essay consists of two parts; the first part presents Aristotle’s teleological theory, and the second part comments on the following areas: the anthropological foundation of this theory; the relationship between immanent finality, self-discipline and eternal discipline; and the question of utility and duty.