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題名：已婚婦女的持續就業：家庭制度與勞動市場的妥協
書刊名：臺灣社會學
作者：伊慶春 引用關係／簡文吟
作者(外文)：Yi, Chin-chun／Chien, Wen-yin
出版日期：2001
卷期：1
頁次：頁149-182
主題關鍵詞：婦女持續就業；家庭階段；彈性就業；家庭脈絡；工作動機；Women's continual employment；Family life stages；Flexible employment；Family context；Work attitudes
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(38) 博士論文(7) 專書(3) 專書論文(3)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:38
  • 共同引用共同引用:159
  • 點閱點閱:690
　　　　　在討論婦女就業與家庭制度的關聯中，婦女於結婚及生育階段退出勞 動力市場的現象一向受到重視，然而其實有更多的已婚婦女始終未曾因為家庭階 段的改變而中斷就業，此一現象值得深入探討。本文針對婚前、婚後、至最小子 女入學前皆持續就業之已婚婦女，檢視她們如何以彈性就業模式來因應家庭制度 的需求。樣本來源為在全省隨機抽樣之958位已婚婦女，符合分析條件者需經歷 結婚和生育階段，結果共有939位已婚婦女成為研究對象。 分析結果顯示，結婚和生育固然是婦女離職之重要家庭因素（合佔45.1％），但 持續就業（43.7％）是最主要的婦女就業型態。而在所有持續就業的婦女中，隨 著家庭階段的發展，30.3％的樣本於婚後╱生育後由正式部門轉換至彈性工作， 顯示彈性就業模式對婦女持續就業之重要性。至於影響台灣婦女轉換至彈性就業 模式的因素中，丈夫的家庭脈絡以及婦女工作屬性能否配合家庭需求為最顯著的 考量，意涵著婦女持續就業之不同模式乃因應家庭制度與勞動角色雙重要求的妥 協產品，而非歸諸於婦女個人人力資本或工作動機之高低。鑑於婦女持續就業模 式並非同質的人口群、有其內在變異性，但皆取決於相同的家庭機制之結構性影 響，本文最後討論此一發現對婦女就業發展上之可能意涵。
　　　　　One of the most noticeable phenomena between family and work institutions is that married women tend to withdraw from the labor force after marriage and after childbirth. However, there are actually more married women in Taiwan who stay in the labor force throughout various family life cycles. This paper examines how these women maintain their employment from 'before marriage', 'after marriage', to 'before the youngest child enters primary school' by means of flexible employment patterns. Samples are randomly selected married women who have experienced marriage and childbearing stages. There are 939 Taiwanese women in our final sample. The result points out that among the Taiwanese sample, continual employment (43.7%) is the single most dominant employment pattern of Taiwanese married women. Among women of the continual employment pattern, flexible employment (including both informal and part-time employment) is shown to contribute to women's labor force participation: 30.3% of Taiwanese women in the sample transferred from formal to flexible work after marriage or after childbirth. Among factors affecting women's various employment patterns, the husband's family occupation as well as the women's work characteristics are found to be significant. This implies that the continual employment patterns of Taiwanese women is a compromise between demands from both family and work institutions, much more salient than the effect of women's human capital and personal work attitudes. Since women who fall into the continual employment category are not homogeneous, bbut rather reveal significant internal variation, this paper briefly discusses the important implications of the study for career development among married women in Taiwan.
期刊論文
1.Miller, Joanne、Garrison, Howard H.(1982)。Sex Roles: The Division of Labor at Home and in the Workplace。Annual Review of Sociology，8，237-262。  new window
2.呂玉瑕(1992)。臺灣已婚婦女的非正式就業之探討。國家科學委員會研究彙刊：人文及社會科學，2(2)，202-217。  延伸查詢new window
3.Sorensen, Annemette(1983)。Women's Employment Patterns after Marriage。Journal of Marriage and Family，45(2)，311-321。  new window
4.呂玉瑕(19940700)。城鄉經濟發展與已婚婦女就業--女性邊緣化(Female Marginalization)理論試探。人口學刊，16，107-133。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Huber, Joan、Spitze, Glenna(1981)。Wives' Employment, Household Behaviors, and Sex-Role Attitudes。Social Forces，60(1)，150-169。  new window
6.Waite, Linda J.(1980)。Working Wives and the Family Life Cycle。American Journal of Sociology，86，272-294。  new window
7.成露茜、熊秉純(19930300)。婦女、外銷導向成長和國家：臺灣個案。臺灣社會研究，14，39-76。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.伊慶春、高淑貴(1986)。有關已婚婦女就業的性別角色態度。中央研究院三民主義研究所專題選刊，70，1-27。  延伸查詢new window
9.Desai, Sonalde、Waite, Linda J.(1991)。Women's Employment During Pregnancy and after the First Birth: Occupational Characteristics and Work Commitment。American Sociological Review，56(4)，551-566。  new window
10.McLaughlin, Steven D.(1982)。Differential Patterns of Female Labor-force Participation Surrounding the First Birth。Journal of Marriage and the Family，44(2)，407-420。  new window
11.張清溪(19801100)。結婚生育與子女數對有偶婦女勞動供給的影響。經濟論文叢刊，9(2)，167-223。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.劉鶯釧(19880600)。有偶婦女勞動參與的多重選擇模型。經濟論文叢刊，16(2)，133-147。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.張素梅(19880600)。婦女勞動參與率的研究﹣﹣聯立模型分析。經濟論文叢刊，16(2)，175-195。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.李悅端、柯志明(19940700)。小型企業的經營與性別分工--以五分埔成衣業社區為案例的分析。臺灣社會研究季刊，17，41-81。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.謝國雄(19921100)。隱形工廠：臺灣的外包點與家庭代工。臺灣社會研究季刊，13，137-160。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.薛承泰(20001000)。臺灣地區已婚婦女再就業時機的初步分析。人口學刊，21，77-99。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.簡文吟、薛承泰(19960400)。臺灣地區已婚婦女就業型態及其影響因素。人口學刊，17，113-134。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Bielby, D. D. V.、Bielby, W. T.(1984)。Work Commitment, Sex-role Attitudes, and Women's Employment。American Sociological Review，49(2)，234-247。  new window
19.Eggegen, David J.(1988)。Determinants of Maternal Employment for White Preschool Children: 1960-1980。Journal of Marriage and the Family，50，149-159。  new window
20.Felmlee, Diane H.(1984)。A Dynamic Analysis of Women's Job Mobility。Work and Occupation，11(3)，259-281。  new window
21.Beller, Andrea H.、Folk, Karen Fox(1993)。Part-Time Work and Child Care Choices for Mothers of Preschool Children。Journal of Marriage and Family，55，146-157。  new window
22.張明正(1981)。臺灣地區婦女勞動力參與和生育力相互關係之研究。行政院國家科學委員會研究彙刊：自然科學與工程，5，297-310。  延伸查詢new window
23.Miller, Carole F.(1993)。Part-Time Participation over the Life Cycle among Married Women Who Work in the Market。Applied Economics，25，91-99。  new window
24.Birkelund, Gunn Elisabeth、Rosenfeld, Rachel A.(1995)。Women's Part-Time Work: A Cross-National Comparison。European Sociological Review，11，111-134。  new window
25.Gallant, C. J.、Tomeh, A. K.(1984)。Familial Sex Role Attitudes: A French Sample。Journal of Comparative Family Studies，15(3)，389-405。  new window
會議論文
1.張晉芬(1996)。女性勞動者婚育離職原因之探討。中央研究院社會學研究所小型專題研討會第三回：台灣勞動研究，中央研究院社會學研究所 (會議日期: 1996年6月7日)。台北。  延伸查詢new window
2.呂玉瑕(1998)。小型家庭企業中的婦女工作。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
3.簡文吟、伊慶春(1999)。Female's Employment Patterns across Family Life Cycles: Taiwan and Tianjin Comparisons。Chicago, IL。  new window
研究報告
1.Greenhalph, Susan(1991)。Women in the Informal Enterprise: Empowerment or Exploitation?。New York, NY。  new window
學位論文
1.殷寶寧(1994)。臺北市公有零售市場政策與婦女：以謙和市場為個案(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.周玟琪(1994)。影響臺灣地區家庭家務分工因素之探討(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.戴瑞婷(1978)。台北市古亭區松山區已婚婦女就業者之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.簡文吟(1997)。台灣地區已婚婦女就業型態之分析：離職與復職的檢視(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.陳玉華(1993)。臺灣婦女就業型態之研究，0。  延伸查詢new window
6.謝雨生(1982)。家庭生命週期與婦女勞動參與之研究，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Hochschild, A.、Machung, A.(1989)。The Second Shift：Working Parents and the Revolution at Home。New York, N. Y.：Viking Penguin。  new window
2.Macke, Anne Statham(1978)。Changing Family Roles as Predictors of Labor Force Behaviors。Changing Family Roles as Predictors of Labor Force Behaviors。沒有紀錄。  new window
3.Hakim, Catherine(1997)。A Sociological Perspective on Part-Time Work。Between Equalization and Marginalization。New York, NY。  new window
4.Joshi, Heather、Dale, Angela、Burchell, Brendan J.(1997)。Part-Time Work among British Women。Between Equalization and Marginalization。New York, NY。  new window
5.Chant, Sylvia、Brydon, Lynne(1989)。Women in the Third World - Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas。Women in the Third World - Gender Issues in Rural and Urban Areas。沒有紀錄。  new window
6.Hakim, Catherine、Blossfeld, Hans-Peter(1997)。Introduction: A Comparative Perspective on Part-Time Work。Between Equalization and Marginalization。New York, NY。  new window
7.Moen, Phillis(1985)。Continuities and Discontinuities in Women's Labor Force Activity。Life Course Dynamics: Trajectories and Transitions, 1968-1980。New York, NY。  new window
8.Rapoport, Robert N.、Rapoport, Rhona(1978)。Working Couples。Working Couples。London, UK。  new window
9.Scott, A. MacEwen(1991)。Informal Sector or Female Sector? Gender Bias in Urban Labor Market Models。Male Bias in the Development Process。Britain。  new window
10.Thomas, J. J.(1992)。Informal Economic Activity。Informal Economic Activity。Ann Arbor, MI。  new window
其他
1.行政院主計處(1993)。中華民國統計月報，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
2.(2000)。中華民國八十九年臺灣地區人力運用調查報告，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.行政院主計處(2000)。臺灣地區人力資源調查統計年報，沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.伊慶春(1982)。已婚職業婦女的雙重角色：期望、衝突與調適。社會科學整合論文集。臺北市：中央研究院三民主義研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.Scanzoni, J.(1979)。Social Process and Power in Families。Contemporary Theories about the Family。New York：Free Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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