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題名：環境保護與地方政治：北高兩市環保官員對於影響執法因素的認知調查
書刊名：臺灣政治學刊
作者：湯京平 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tang, Ching-ping
出版日期：2002
卷期：6
頁次：頁138-183
主題關鍵詞：地方環保主義；權力從屬原則；環境共治；向下競逐徵候群；關說；Local environmentalism；Principle of subsidiarity；Environmental co-governance；Race-to-the-bottom syndrome；Illegal solicitation
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(1) 專書(1) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:7
  • 共同引用共同引用:591
  • 點閱點閱:81
環境管理權若能適當地下地放到地方政府，如地方環保主義者所強調，理論上將可增加政策效率與施政的回應性，也更符合民主精神。因此，歐美國家莫不致力於建立各級政府間環境治理合作關係，並改良制度以兼顧環境保護與民主深化的理想。我國近年環境治理體系的發展，即依循此一理念設計，在地方自治的精神下，將環境法令的執行，主要交由地方政府負責，而縣市政府也握有地方環保人員的主要人事權與管理權。然而，地方政治生態對於官僚運作可能產生的負面影響常被忽略。地方政治由於規模較小，多元性不足，容易受獨佔性利益團體操控，導致體制外的情境因素可能會穿透環境保護的專業行政，形成地方環境保護工作的主要挑戰。這類問題在初步入民主體制、相關配套制度未臻健全的我國尤其明顯。為瞭解此類地方政治對於環境保護的影響，本文除介紹地方環保主義的世界潮流，以及其在民主化情境下的意涵，並以北高兩市為例，以紙筆測驗調查其環保執法人員對於地方情境因素的認知。調查結果顯示，即便在堪稱為全國首善之區的北、高兩直轄市，其環境執法在相當程度上仍必須向許多體制外的政治、經濟與社會因素妥協，而可推斷在其它縣市的情形可能更嚴重。然而，北高兩市的對比，並未如預期明顯。
Local environmentalism has claimed that empowering environmental management to local governments would increase policy efficiency and political responsiveness. Echoing such arguments, Taiwan has developed an environmental governing system that carries similar democratic spirit by allowing local governments to have their own policy orientations and major control over their personnel. Nevertheless, how local political situations may influence the enforcement of street-level bureaucrats, especially in a democratization context, is still not clear. This paper tries to illustrate how local political, social and economic factors have been perceived to influence local regulation enforcement by bureau staffs in Taipei and Kaohsiung Environmental Protection Bureaus. This research indicates that such long suspected factors as illegal lobbying/solicitation for penalty relief did play a role in interfering street-level regulation enforcement.
期刊論文
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7.湯京平(20011200)。民主治理與環境保護--從中埔慈濟案例檢視我國資源回收的政策體系。臺灣政治學刊，5，178-217。new window  延伸查詢new window
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15.Tang, Shui-Yan、Prakash, V.、湯京平(1999)。Local Enforcement of Pollution Control in Developing Countries: A Comparison of Guangzhou, Delhi, and Taipei。The Journal of Public Policy，18(3)，265-282。  new window
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研究報告
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2.湯京平(1998)。Environmental Protection and Democratization: Pollution Control and Local Self-Governance in Taiwan，CA。  new window
圖書
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