This article examines the life situations of female-headed households and their learning needs. Data for this study were drawn from focus groups and in-depth interviews. Twenty-two single mothers and 29 workers working at social welfare agencies were interviewed. Major findings of this study are summarized as follow: 1. Single mothers are disadvantageous in their income and employment, relationship with relative and friends, social prejudice and discrimination, and depressed emotion and self-distrust. 2. Single mothers need to reinforce their ability about employment and finance, parenthood, sociality, knowledge of laws and rules, and self-fulfillment. 3. To lessen the barriers to learn, the programs for single mothers must be women-centered, flexible time and low expense, building the network between mothers and schools, having services such as child care and faculty advisors assisted them with academic and life problems, and easy access of learning information. The article concludes with the recommendations for policies and service organizations to enhance single mothers' competence.