The fifth Industrial Exhibition was held in Osaka, Japan in 1903. As part of this exhibition, “The House of Peoples” was originally organized to include exhibitions on the peoples of China, Korea, Okinawa and Taiwan. However, following protests by China and Korea, the displays related to these two countries were removed. The displays concerning Taiwan’s indigenous peoples and Okinawans remained, as these two areas were colonized by the Japanese at that time. Although the “The House of Peoples” exhibition was controversial, it later became the exemplification of Japanese colonial exhibitions. The design concept of “The House of Peoples” was based on an archeological anthropology theory put forth by Tsuboi Shogoro, considered the father of anthropological studies in Japan. With the expansion of Japan’s territory, Tsuboi Shogoro’s theory concerning the blending of the Japanese nation not only entered political discussion, but also steadily became mainstream thought. The first Colonial Exposition held in Tokyo in 1912 is the best example of the emergence of this theory. The purposes of this paper are to elucidate the image of the Japanese empire among Japanese and how that image was represented through “The House of Peoples” exhibition. In addition, the impact of “The House of Peoples” on colonized Okinawa will be discussed, including the assimilation process that occurred following that exhibition.