本文透過光復初期負臺灣大學實際責任的歷任外省籍校長與臺籍重要成員之間的任事與交往，探索在民族情感與省籍衝突間錯綜複雜的關係。前者包括羅宗洛、陸志鴻、莊長恭與傅斯年四任校長，後者則為杜聰明（長期任醫學院院長）與林茂生（任先修班主任並實際處理文學院院務）二人。 論述以人物交往為經，以發生之重要事件為緯，詳列史料以陳明事實，期望能呈現此一關鍵時期高級知識分子間往來之實況，進而檢討出現齟齬並釀成二二八悲劇的主因。 研究發現，光復初期臺籍知識分子民族情感空前澎湃，反映在臺大校園的是通力合作完成接收工作。但隨即出現歧見，從民國三十五年三月的臺大醫院罷診事件到三十六年的二二八事變，無不反映雙方猜疑的深重、互信的缺乏。深入檢討其原因，出於分袂弟兄文化差異者少，而出於人謀不臧、個人性品者多。至於二二八事變形成的校園悲劇，則與政治勢力刻意介入校園，學術領導人又未能妥善堅持學術之獨立與自主有以致之。

When the Japanese surrendered in 1945, China recovered its lost land—Taiwan—from Japan. Unfortunately, some serious conflicts resulted from this between mainlanders and Taiwan natives. This paper explores the disputes between mainland presidents and Taiwanese intellectual figures at NTU. The university has had four mainland presidents: Lo Song-lo (羅宗洛), Lu Chih-houng (陸志鴻), Zuang Chang-Kong (莊長恭) and Fu Ssu-nien (傅斯年). Lo took over the university right after the retrocession and initiated reforms. He retained some local faculty members from Taihoku Imperial University, of which Tu Chung-ming (杜聰明) was the most famous (Professor Tu was appointed dean of the Medical School). Lo also invited many outstanding local intellectual leaders to work at the new university, the most notable being Professor Lin Mou-sheng (林茂生), who was made a member of the succession team and bore the responsibility of heading the College of Liberal Arts and Political Science. From then on, Tu and Lin supported the various mainland presidents in their efforts to build up the new university. Gradually, however, disputes arose between the various mainland university presidents and the Taiwanese intellectuals. In the February 28th Incident, Professor Lin was arrested and was soon to be killed and Professor Tu resigned from his post. Why was the cooperation between these mainland presidents and the local intellectuals unable to endure? This paper will attempt to answer this question through an examination of historical facts.