Logical positivism had ever left a distinguished mark on the intellectual history in Taiwan, since Yin Hai-Kuang introduced Taiwanese scholars to logical positivism in the 1950s. What was this history? The intellectual history amounts to a history of ideas through the influences of a thinker or a school of thought on another one. To analyze such a history, I propose a structural-dynamic approach, which considers a thinker’s or a school’s system of thought as a unit. The approach requires that one should compare the system of thought of the thinker who has influences over the others with that of the affected scholars. By such a comparison, one can find a series of micro-dynamic changes from the sources to the affected. According to the structural-dynamic approach, I first compare Yin’s thought with logical positivism, showing the slight change from the latter to the former. Next I point out that Yin attempted to construct a cultural science by using the scientific method presented by logical positivists in his great work Prospects of Chinese Culture, in which Yin enlarged the range of logical positivism. Yin also played an important role in the great debate on Chinese versus Western culture, which burst out in 1962. All of these events show that the influence of logical positivism on the intellectuals in Taiwan through Yin Hai-Kuang’s works.