作為一個崛起的經濟和軍事力量，中國是否也在作為一個文化力量而崛起？作為一個崛起的經濟和軍事力量，中國是否也在作為一個文化力量而崛起？本文通過對中國文化主義進行梳理，總結並反思了中國人在不同歷史條件下理解自身和他者之間關係的方式以及由這些方式形成的多種文化話語。在此基礎上，本文把注意力轉移到中國掙扎在生存和優越之間的困境上來，並指出在一個日益全球化的世界裏，這種困境並非只被中國所面臨。文章分為兩大部分：第一部分描述中國文化主義的歷史發展脈絡及其植根于于教育的文化話語教育的文化話語；第二部分觀察中國在近現代遭遇西方文明後所形成的新的文化話語，以及新的文化話語如何推動中國在新的歷史條件下尋求全球範圍的文化合法性。

As a rising economic and military power, is China also rising as a cultural power? Through an investigation of Chinese culturalism, this paper provides a synthesis of and reflection upon the ways in which the Chinese have understood interrelationships between themselves and others under different historical circumstances, which has formed a variety of culture discourses. On this basis, the paper draws attention to the predicaments regarding struggles for survival and supremacy that have not solely been facing China, especially in an increasingly globalized world. The paper falls into two parts. Part one delineates an historical development of Chinese culturalism that results in an educationgrounded culture discourse. Part two looks into the culture discourse against the backdrop of the Chinese encounter with the West, and how this leads China to seeking cultural legitimacy on a global scale under new circumstances.