西方自從巴門尼底斯（Parmenides）提出「思維與存在一致」開始，經由柏拉圖（Plato）繼承而把世界劃分為現實世界與理念世界（world of idea）之兩個世界：前者是後者的摹本（copy），再經由近代哲學理性論與經驗論的紛爭，後來批判論者康德（I. Kant）出來調和之，但是,他仍然把世界分為現象界與不可知論的本體界兩個世界，仍然陷入二分法的窠臼，一直到黑格爾（G.W.F. Hegel）提出「凡是理性的，就是現實；凡是現實的，就是理性」的絕對理念之精神價值，還是過度地重視抽象、普遍與理性的主宰地位，導致了精神與身體之分離，進而排除了身體之重要性。很慶幸的，當代哲學出現了法國偉大哲學家梅洛龐蒂（MauriceMerleau-Ponty）吸收並融合德國哲學家黑格爾、胡塞爾（E. G. A.Husserl）和Heiddegger（M. Heidegger）等三大哲人的精華，然而，梅氏所提出的藝術理念主要貢獻在於：一、強調精神不可脫離身體（身心合一）的有機整體和諧論；二、用「身體主體」取代胡塞爾「意識主體」；三、欣賞Heiddegger詩情畫意的感性存在形上學取代知性的理性至上的知識論真理觀； 四、他用藝術家塞尚（P .Cézanne）所倡導人要與大自然和平共生、和平共存，其理想是使人生感性與理性交織互補互惠，進而真正地享受到真善美的人生。因此，梅氏此種藝術思想值得我們學習與研究。

A classical idea presented in the Western world by Parmenides and elaborated by Plato divides the world into two: The realistic world and the world of ideas, where the former is a copy of the latter. The debate between Rationalism and Empiricism goes on until Kant presented Critique of Pure Reason where the world is divided into cognitive and moral worlds. The theories still could not improve from the idea of world division, until Hegel reached the peak of absolute idealism, and state that“what is rational is actual and what is actual is rational”to address the absolute value of the spirit. This theory, however, overly emphasized on abstract and rationality and resulted in the separation between mind and body and neglected the importance of the body.Fortunately, French philosopher Merleau-Ponty came forward,absorbed and modified the essences of Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger, and brought about a set of theories, including mainly: 1. The theory of organic harmony emphasizing that the spirit is not to be separated with the body;2. Replacing Husserl’s“body of conscience”with that of the human body; 3. Admiring Heidegger’s poetic and emotional existence and uses that view to replace the absolute rational view; 4. The view presented by artist Cézanne that human are to live in peace with nature, combine and make use of both emotions and rationality to truly enjoy all the beauties of life.