本研究主要目的是探討丈夫、妻子及夫妻雙方的性別角色態度、夫妻情感對家務參與的影響，並探討家庭背景及個人資源影響夫妻的家務參與程度。本研究對象為台北縣市、高雄縣市同住的夫妻，有效樣本數為372對。本研究發現：（1）現在夫妻的家務參與情況與過去分工仍一致，妻子依舊負擔較多家務工作；（2）夫妻的家務參與主要受到工作時間及同住人數的影響，亦即夫妻工作時間越長，其家務參與越少；同住人數對夫妻的家務參與影響不同，同住人數越多，丈夫參與越少家務，妻子則參與越多家務；（3）丈夫的性別角色態度同時對自己及妻子相對家務參與程度有顯著影響，亦即丈夫越認同婦女照顧家庭的角色，其相對參與較少家務，妻子則相對參加較多家務。丈夫與妻子在認同婦女外出工作態度之交互作用對丈夫個人家務參與程度有顯著的影響，相較於「夫妻皆認同」的丈夫，「丈夫認同與妻子不認同」類型中的丈夫參與較多家務工作；（4）情感對家務參與的影響只發生在婚齡較低的夫妻，丈夫感受到對妻子的親近之情越多，丈夫家務參與越多。

The main purpose of this study was to explore how gender role attitudes and couple affection for married couples influenced the division of housework. The study examined 372 couples living together in Taipei & Kaohsiung city and county. The finding showed that the wife still does most of housework. The housework done by married couples was influenced by their working hours and the number of people living together at home. The more working hours couples performed, the more people living together at home, the less couples participated in housework. Husband's gender role attitudes had a significant impact on their housework participation. Husbands who agreed with wives' employment would be involved in more housework and the wife would do less. There was also interaction effect of husbands' and wives' gender role attitudes in the division of housework. Compared with the type of couples who both agreed with wives' employments, husband who agreed with wives' working would participate more in the housework. Finally, the effect of couple affection in the housework participation only occurred in the early stages of marriage, the husband who felt closer to the wife would participate more in the housework.