This paper mainly focuses on how the U.S. Power to intervene in the translation of Taiwan literature into foreign languages. By checking the archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the paper argues that USIS introduced Taiwan literature into the Western world through the Book Translation Program, China Reporting Program and Taiwan Reporting Program. From the perspective of the Cultural Cold War, these programs mainly played the role of cultural propaganda against communist China and supported the cultural orthodoxy of free China. First, USIS made a survey of publishing markets to clarify that Taiwan was one of the main reading markets in East Asia, and endeavored to develop internal publication and external promotion of Taiwan literature. Second, USIS cooperated with local literary communities, planed the series of Heritage Press, and made Taiwan literature systematically introduced to foreign markets. The postwar Taiwan "new" generation writers, some of them made their debut on the literary scene, had their works translated into English and circulated in Southeast Asia, or even took a step onto the world stage. The paper concludes that it is the Book Translation Program that had made a turning point of the translation of Taiwan literature, rather than the USIS PAO's personal factors of loving literature. Therefore, the time frame of translation of Taiwan literature should retrospect to the 1950s. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the series of Heritage Press revealing Chineseness (Taiwaneseness), Moderity, Anticommunist, and human nature adhere to the political goals of the United States and free China and show the political factors of Taiwan literature, as well as their direct link with the Cultural Cold War.