緒論：過去探討老人運動參與的影響因素除了關注在背景變項之外，往往也僅著重在心理和生理層面的影響，但這些研究卻受限樣本差異而有結果不一致之外，也忽略社會層面對運動參與的影響因素。因此，本研究除了將背景變項做控制外，亦參考相關文獻納入社會層面因素探討其對高齡者運動參與的影響。方法：本文在檢討過去探討高齡者運動參與的影響研究後，運用2011年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫」第6期第2次(Taiwan Social Change Survey, TSCS)資料，針對65歲以上高齡者採用描述統計、階層迴歸等進行資料分析。結果：在控制背景變項之後，心理和生理對高齡者運動參與影響並不明顯，然而，社會關係則會正向影響高齡者的運動參與情形。結論：高齡者擁有較佳的社交活動、社會支持會增進他們的社會關係，則有助於提升他們的運動參與機會。建議政府對於高齡者制訂運動參與政策時，納入高齡者的社會關係因素作考量，並營造有利高齡者的社會參與條件和鼓勵高齡者從事社會參與，此有助於提升高齡者的運動參與機會。

Introduction: In the past, to explore the elderly sport participation factors are concerned about background variables, including psychology and physiology. But those studies were limited the difference of the samples, the results were Inconsistent. And it ignored that social dimension also a factor to influence the sport participation. Therefore, this study was controlled the background variables and refer to the data of the social dimension factors affecting the elderly sport participation. Methods: The article investigated the influence of the elderly sports participation in the review. We adopted the project of ＂Taiwan Social Change Survey 2011, Phase 6, Wave 2 (TSCS)＂ which was aimed at people over 65 years old. The descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis were utilized. Results: After the background of the control, psychology and physiology did not clearly influence to the elderly sport participation. However, according to the result of analysis of TSCS secondary data, social relations would positively influence the sport participation of the elderly. Conclusion: The elderly had better social participation to build the social relationships with others and enhance their sport participation's chances. The conclusion implied that a policy making of social participation of the elderly should involve the factor of social relations and create advantageous conditions for elderly people to encourage the elderly community took part in social participation. The policy will help to increase the chance of elderly sport participation.