本文旨在釐清公平與均等的概念，區辨教育公平與教育均等的意涵，繼而指出公 平應為教育追求的理想。公平與均等的基本差異在於：公平具有質的特性，均等則具有量 的特質。教育公平指涉正義，強調以正義作為判斷教育實踐合乎公平精神與否的規準；教 育均等則關切資源是否等量地分配至不同團體。不公平總是意涵著不正義，不均等則否； 不均等未必意味著不公平，而均等也未必能彰顯公平精神。是故，欲期實現有意義的教育 均等，在均等概念的考量外，需輔以基於公平概念的種種積極性教育處遇。

　　　　　The main purposes of this paper are to clarify the concept of equity and equality, to distinguish educational equity from equality of education, fur- thermore, to indicate the equity should be an ideal for education to pursue. The fundamental difference between equity and equality is that equity is a qualitative property while equality is quantitative in nature. Equity gauges the results of actions directly against standards of justice, in other words, educational equity should be construed as a check on the justice of specific educatinoal practive. The concern for equality of education is a concern the goods of which the educational system can distribute are equally distributed among different groups of students. According to 'inequity always implies injustice, inequality does not.' and 'inequality may not imply inequity, equality may not imply equity', for realizing the meaningful equality of educatino that must be through applying positive compensatory treatments based on educational equity.