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題名:未來學校教師專業培力之研究―以一所特色高職為例
作者:胡玉玲
作者(外文):胡玉玲 HU,YU-LING
校院名稱:國立臺北教育大學
系所名稱:教育經營與管理學系
指導教授:溫明麗
林曜聖
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:未來教育未來學校教師專業培力品格人文素養增值轉化力Future educationfuture schoolprofessional empowerment of teacherscharacters and humanities literacyvalue-added transferability
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摘要
因應資訊科技時代的來臨,資訊科技教育發達,教育選擇權也隨之抬頭,因此,學校辦學除了重視績效外,也必須掌握未來教育發展趨勢,開展學校特色,俾提升學校競爭力,並提升學生學習動機,也可獲得家長肯定。本論文以一所特色高職學校為例,依據未來教育發展論點,並考量該校特色,對該校教師進行未來教師培力方案的行動研究,期能確立本論文提出之學校因應未來教育發展趨勢教師需要的培力方案。
首先,本論文闡述未來學校發展理念,並分析未來學校教師在專業培力上發展的核心能力及發展教師需要的培力課程行動方案,透過對該校教師的專業培力行動研究,確立未來學校教師培力方案之發展路徑,並提出未來學校教師專業培力之可行方案,以因應時代變革而提升教學品質和成效。
本論文行動研究實施方案的期間為民國106年8月到107年11月,旨在解決該校邁向未來學校教師所需專業培力的課程與教學之有效方案。研究對象為該校教師42人;除文獻分析外,本論文之行動研究蒐集資料的方法包括觀察、訪談、問卷,及研究者的教學省思等;專業培力方案包括「未來學校教師文化增值」培力方案:課程包括「承諾與投入:品格、同理心暨文化陶冶心養成」、「多元智能:金頭腦新財富」、「藝術療癒:正向思維與潛能開發」、「創客與微電影課程設計」四個核心課程;二、「未來教師4C增值」培力方案課程:包括「未來學創意教學:資訊科技與微電影教學實作 」、「品格素養與實踐」、「創意教學與柔性領導」、「創意問題解決與方法探究」四個核心課程;本論文透過文獻和文件分析,以及行動研究實施後,有以下發現:
1.本論文經行動研究、資料蒐集及資料分析,得到「未來學校的教師以專業培力方案為軸線之發展路徑圖」,是可解釋、預測、控制與規劃的未來學校的教師專業培力路徑。
2. 未來學校的「教師文化增值」及「教師4C增值」培力方案可增進教師在「教師溫度和正能量」、「學校組織氛圍和凝聚力」、「學校願景與校長領導力」、教師教學精進之「教育理念和專業倫理(含精神與態度)」、「自主學習力」、「轉化增值力」、「教學理念與實踐(含班級經營)」等之課程內涵、教學方法與評量已具彰顯增能之成效。
3.未來學校的可能樣貌:未來學校是無限潛能的發展機會與創意,教學方法以學生為主體,並以培養學生解決問題的能力為主,未來學校會成為學習共同體,打破教室的固有疆界,從中激發更高的學習熱忱。
4.未來學校的圖像將以學生為中心,為達到以未來人才培育為目標,未來學校的教師的能力從專業培力工作將增加思考、知識轉化、促進探索、合作討論且不斷的動手做透過專業培力方案將所學習的能力增值轉化應用於教學上及生活之中。
5.未來學校的教師需有終身學習與自主學習的能力,並且在教師專業社中跨領域的學習
,產生自主、增值、跨領域的合作,達到有效溝通及提升素養之目標,落實在生活應用及社區服務中。
基於上述的研究發現外,本論文認為,未來教育的研究除了針對教師專業培力外,在因應未來教育發展趨勢方面的研究和後續研究方面,提出如下的建議;
第一,因應未來教育發展趨勢方面的研究
因應未來教育發展趨勢的研究除了針對教師專業培力外,未來學校尚須有綜合性的未來學校環境設施佈建、政策推動或計畫的引導,改變觀念的打造未來學校及學習環境。
第二,後續研究的建議
(一)研究對象:本論文採用行動研究方法,主要的對象為高職教師,然影響教學品質和成效的因素很多,未來教育發展趨勢更重視學生的自主學習力和轉化增值力,因此,未來除可進行不同層級學校的研究,尤其因應臺灣12年國民基本教育的實施,更應該從幼兒園到高中職,甚至於高等教育的教師和學生。再者,除了針對教師的專業培力進行研究外,更應研究學生的學習成效和未來學習力與轉化增值力的評量方法和指標。
(二)研究方法:本研究並沒有先量化的驗證,而是以訪談觀察情況作分析。以上之研究限制,未來在時間充分及教師能配合的情況下,尚可作後續研究。
(三)研究範圍:本論文受限於時間,乃選擇一所具有未來教育發展需求的學校為案例,但未來更需要立足臺灣,以本研究為基礎,進行臺灣的學校的研究,並能配合政府新南向政策,進行與不同國家未來教育發展相關議題的比較研究。
最後,根據上述研究結果,本研究針對培力實務提出相關建議,以供後續研究上的參考應用。
Abstract
In response to the arrival of the information technology age, developed information technology education, and the subsequent rise of educational choice, in addition to focusing on performance, schools also need to be ahead of future education development trends and develop distinctive features in order to improve school competiveness and learning motivation of students, as well as gaining affirmation from parents. The thesis used a vocational high school as an example and considered the school’s distinctive features in accordance with future education development contentions and conduct action research of future teacher empowerment plan of the school’s teachers in the hope to establish the thesis’s proposed empowerment plan needed by schools in response to future education development trends.
The thesis first talked about future school development ideas and analyzed the core literacy of development by future school teachers on professional empowerment and the empowerment course action plan required of teachers to develop the literacy. The thesis also established the path of development for future school teacher empowerment plan and proposed feasible plans for professional empowerment of future school teachers to help schools improve quality and effectiveness of teaching in response to changing times.
The duration of the thesis’s action research implementation plan is from August 2017 to November 2018. It aims to provide effective plans of professional empowerment courses and teaching required of future teachers at the school. The subjects of research are 42 teachers at the school. In addition to citation analysis, the thesis’s action research data collection methods include: observation, interview, questionnaire, and teaching reflection of the researcher. Professional empowerment plans include: 1. “Future School Teacher Cultural Value-added” empowerment plan: 4 core courses include “Commitment and Dedication: Cultivation of Character, Empathy, and Cultural Development”, “Diverse Intelligence: Golden Brain and New Fortune”, “Therapeutic Arts: Positive Thinking and Potential Development”, “Maker and Microcinema Course Design”. 2. “Future School Teacher 4C Value-added” empowerment plan: 4 core courses include “Futurology Creative Teaching: Information Technology and Microcinema Teaching Implementation”, “Character Cultivation and Practice”, “Creative Teaching and Flexible Leadership”, and “Creative Problem-Solving and Method Investigation”. The duration of each teaching action plan is one week. The research verified that teachers who adopted the future teacher professional empowerment plan at the school showed improvement in professional conviction, professional knowledge and competency of teaching, professional knowledge and competency of education, student-teacher relationship, as well as professional ethics and attitude after the implementation of action plan teaching and sufficiently prepared for any changes of future education at the school.
In conclusion, the thesis had the following findings through citation and document analysis and implementation of teacher professional empowerment action research: (1) Possible aspects of future schools; (2) Professional knowledge and competency from teacher professional development empowerment plan for teachers at the school to respond to future education development trends; (3) Aspects that required strengthening at the school level in response to future education development trends;
1. Possible aspects of future schools: There are infinite potential development opportunities and creativity in future schools. Teaching methods will be focusing on students and the cultivation of their problem-solving ability. There will be more diverse forms of group discussions. Self-learning model of students will also increase at the same time and learning model will center on students and enable them for self-exploration. Teachers will play the role of counselor and guide and future schools will become learning communities and break existing boundaries of classrooms to spark higher enthusiasm for learning.
2. Professional empowerment of teachers:
(1) Improve creative teaching quality of future teachers and learning effectiveness of students, especially in promoting teaching ideas and practices of value-added learning of student competency transferability so teachers are capable of integrating local culture into professional knowledge and competency.
(2) Teachers realize that specialties must integrate with economy and able to locate feasible integrating formulas.
(3) Teachers are in the habit of working with others as a team and learn from each other. They are able to make public of their teaching open-heartedly and share and discuss relevant topics and questions of their teaching ideas and practices with others sincerely.
(4) Teachers realize the true meaning of “student-centered” teaching philosophy, capable of self-reflection instead of persisting on their own opinions, and stop doubting the self-learning ability and creativity of students, which is helpful for improving teaching effectiveness of teachers and cultivating learner autonomy ability and habit of students.
(5) Improve creative teaching quality of future teachers and learning effectiveness of students. Teachers can revitalize their teaching strategy, integrate professional theories with practices, and constantly refining their teaching, especially in terms of promoting teaching philosophy and practice of value-added learning of student competency transferability.
(6) Teachers are able to make good use of information technology so teaching design and teaching materials can become more suitable to the experience and requirement of students, especially with concepts and awareness of creative productivity and futurology. Accelerate digital creative teaching, critical thinking, PBL teaching, and other revitalized teaching literacies of teachers, depth, scope, and achievement of distinctive features of teaching research, and strengthen synergy of creative digital teaching.
(7) Teachers are in the habit of conducting action research and constantly practicing learner autonomy and self-learning.
(8) Only through teaching method, content, and goal adjustment of action plan can teachers realize that teaching and learning need to be transformed into productivity in order to maximize problem-solving ability, boost industry-academic cooperation, and effectively spark student learning of value-added transferability.
3. The School Level Aspect
(1) Establish new model for future schools. Strive for resources, integrate distinctive local culture, and become regional key school with benchmark characteristics.
(2) Strengthen value-added transferability of teaching and learning. Innovative future education vitality. Demonstrate confidence, value-added transferability, and break ground in education profession.
(3) Highlight the creation of economic value, including economic effects such as cultural and economic values.
(4) Demonstrate values and practical abilities of teachers. Able to dream, dare to dream, and even capable of building and realizing dreams.
After citation and document analysis and action research on professional empowerment of teachers, the thesis proposes the following suggestions for teacher empowerment intended for future school development:
Base on the aforementioned research findings, in addition to the focus of future education research in professional empowerment of teachers, the thesis proposes the following suggestions for the research and follow-up research in response to future education development trends;
I. Research in response to future education development trends
In addition to the focus of future education development trend research in professional empowerment of teachers, future schools also require comprehensive establishment of future school environment and facility, policy promotion or plan guidance, as well as change in values to create future schools and learning environment.
II. Suggestions for follow-up research
(1) Subject of research: The thesis adopts the action research method and main subjects are vocational high school teachers. However, there are many factors influencing teaching quality and effectiveness. Future education development trends focus more on learner autonomy and value-added transferability of students. Therefore, researches can be conducted on different levels of schools, especially on teachers and students from kindergarten to (vocational) high school and even higher education in response to the implementation of 12-year basic education in Taiwan. Moreover, in addition to research focusing on professional empowerment of teachers, more research should be conducted on learning effectiveness of students and assessment method and indicator of future learnability and value-added transferability.
(2) Research method: The research did not undergo quantitative verification but conducted analysis on interview observation. Regarding the aforementioned research limit, follow-up research can be conducted if time permitted and teachers are available for collaboration.
(3) Scope of Research: The thesis selected a school that required future education development for research due to time limit. However, future research of schools in Taiwan can be conducted based on this research and in coordination with the government’s new southbound policy to conduct comparative research on relevant topics of future education development in different nations.
Lastly, the research purposes relevant suggestions regarding empowerment practice based on aforementioned research result for reference and application of follow-up research.
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