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題名:國家認同與民族認同:少數民族身份認同變遷的實證研究--基於甘肅、青海、新疆三地的調查分析
書刊名:廣西民族研究
作者:楊鵾飛
作者(外文):Yang, Kun-fei
出版日期:2015
卷期:2015(4)
頁次:20-33
主題關鍵詞:國家認同民族認同身份認同變遷少數民族National identityEthnic identityIdentity change
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文以西北甘肅、青海和新疆三地的調研數據為基礎,從認同過程、社會融合、政策干預和社會分化四個維度,提出關于少數民族國家認同和民族認同影響因素的4個總假設和10個子假設,運用STATA軟件分別對自變量國家認同和民族認同做序次Logit回歸分析,檢驗了相關假設。數據表明:1.年齡與國家認同的關系呈現"正U型",與民族認同的關系呈"倒U型";2.就業對國家認同具有正向增強作用,而對民族認同則具有負向削弱作用;3.民族優惠政策執行偏差的消極作用顯現,雙語教育對國家認同和民族認同具有正向積極效果;4.收入、政治身份(黨員)和戶籍(城市化)對少數民族的國家認同具有正向作用,收入與民族認同是負相關關系;5.性別和教育程度對少數民族的民族認同和國家認同沒有顯著性影響。本研究的結論與當前學術界的一些"流行"觀點有較大差異。據此認為,在現階段的中國,不應盲目改變現行民族優惠政策,而應該采取保守老成的策略--"用發展解決發展中的問題"。積極為少數民族實現充分就業、分享城市化的好處創造必要條件,增加少數民族收入水平避免"階層固化"而形成族群性社會分層。
By using STATA software to do order Logit regression analysis of the independent variables of national identity and ethnic identity respectively,the author of this paper firstly proposes four general hypotheses and ten sub- hypotheses about the factors influencing minorities’ national identity and ethnic identity from the four dimensions of identification process,social integration,policy intervention,and social differentiation,then tests them by the data from three provinces( Gansu,Qinghai and Xinjiang) in Northwest China. The data reveals the following five phenomena: 1) the relationship between age and national identity shows the "U"shape,and the relationship between age and ethnic identity shows the reversed "U"shape;2) employment plays the positive effect on national identity and the negative effect on national identity; 3)the implementation deviation of ethnic preferential policy causes some negative effects,and the bilingual education plays the positive effects on both national identity and national identity; 4) income,political status( party member) and the household registration( urbanization) play the positive effect on national identity of ethnic minorities,but the relation between income and ethnic identity shows negative; 5) both gender and education play no significant effect on ethnic identity and national identity. These phenomena differ from some existed viewpoints in current academia. Based on the above- mentioned results,the author holds that the current preferential ethnic policies should not be changed blindly at the present stage of China,the conservative strategy,i. e. "to solve problems in development through development"ought to be taken. We should take positive measures to solve the employment problem of ethnic minorities,to create necessary conditions for minorities to share the benefits of urbanization,and to increase their income level but to avoid"stratum solidification"and the emergence of"ethnic stratification".
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