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題名:塞尚晚年藝術詮釋與柏格森哲學研究
作者:尤昭良
作者(外文):Calvin Chao-liang Yu
校院名稱:中國文化大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:沈清松
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:伯格森塞尚
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  本研究是以興起於保羅.塞尚(Paul Cezanne, 1839-1906)晚年的亨利.柏格森(Henri Bergson, 1859-1941)哲學的角度去了解前者同期(1889-1906)的藝術,從而探究此二者於思想與發展歷程方面為世人所忽視之類似性與其意義;希望此一柏格森式詮解有助於世人增加對塞尚與現代繪畫之了解。
依據上述目標,本文的討論是以柏格森早期哲學與塞尚晚年藝術之對比研究為主題,採取認識論中直覺與理智,以及形上學中表象與實在之分析進路,分別探究此二者於思想與藝術表現上的異同;並且比較其各自在運用哲學抽象象徵與繪畫具體象徵方面的共通性與互換性。
  本文內容之安排,共分五章,首先於第一章中陳述目前被大量分析的「塞尚研究」之概況,檢視各家論述重點與問題所在,並指陳可能線索與本文立場;然後,在第二章裡,本文進一步將各研究者的問題加以歸類,而統合於塞尚「研究自然」的核心理念與基本層面之下,辨析各說之曲直原委、擷取精華,並批判其中可能的疏失,以指出柏格森哲學的線索之必要性與重要性;於是,在第三章中,本文將探究柏格森早期的重要著作之要旨與相關內容,並介紹其對當時藝術發展一般性的影響;在第四章中,本文將論證柏格森哲學與塞尚晚年藝術廣泛的類似性,並依其各自先後發展歷程推斷其相關性;最後,本書歸結此一研究的哲學意義並解答若干具有爭論性的問題。
  總之,本研究的重要性除了首度論證塞尚晚年藝術與柏格森哲學的實質類比內容外;本文還將指出柏格森哲學的發展也持續地影響到部份塞尚的後繼者,如野獸主義(Fauvism)、立體主義(Cubism)與未來主義(Futurism)的重要成員, 於是,以二十世紀初法國繪畫為主體的現代繪畫其重要特質之一,可被詮釋為:以塞尚為先導的、一個富有變化的「柏格森風格」(Bergsonian style)之諸表現形式與創新發展。
一、 中文書目
史作檉,《塞尚藝術之哲學探測》,台北:書鄉文化出版社,1981。
沈清松,《現代哲學論衡》,台北:黎明文化事業公司,1989new window
尚新建,《重新發現直覺主義 - 柏格森哲學新探》,北京:北京大學出版社,2000
吳 康,《錫園哲學文集》,卷二,台北:華國出版社,1961
───.《柏格森哲學》,台北:商務印書館,1966。
柏格森,潘梓年譯,《時間與自由意志》,台北:先知出版社,1976。
───. 張東蓀譯,《物質與記憶》,台北:先知出版社,1976。
莫詒謀,《柏格森的理智與直覺》,台北:水牛出版社,2001。
曾仰如,《十大哲學問題之探微》,台北:輔仁大學出版社,1991new window
張君勱,《中西印哲學文集》,台北:學生書局,1960
趙雅博,《中外藝術創作心理學》,台北:中央文物供應社,1983
二、西文書目
I. Works by C?zanne and Bergson
BERGSON, Henri, Essai sur les donn?es immediates de la conscience, (1889), in ?uvres, edition du centenaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.
────. Essai sur les donn?es immediates de la conscience, (1889), authorized translation by F. L. Pogson, Time and Free Will, An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness, 8th impression, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.; New York: Humanities Press., 1971.
────. Mati?re et m?moire (1896) in ?uvres, edition du centenaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.
────. Matter and Memory, Authorized translation by Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer, 8th impression, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., New York: Humanities Press., 1970.
────. An Introduction to Metaphysics (1903), authorized translation by T. E. Hulme, London: Collier Macillan Pubishers; New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1913.
────. Creative Evolution (1907), Arthur Mitchell trans., New York: The Modern Library, 1943.
C?ZANNE, Paul, Paul C?zanne, Correspondance, John Rewald ed., Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1985.
────. Paul C?zanne, Letters, 3rd ed., John Rewald ed., Marguerite Kay trans., Oxford: Bruno Cassirer Publishers, 1946.
II. Related Reference
ANTLIFF, Mark, Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and The Parisian Avant-garde, Princeton: Princeton University Press,1993.
BADT, Kurt, Die Kunst C?zanne (1956) in English: The Art of C?zanne, Sheila Ann Ogilvie trans., New York: Hacker Art Books, 1985.
BALZAC, Honor? de, The Unknown Masterpiece (Le Chef-d’?uvre inconnu), in Art in Theory, 1815-1900, An Anthology of Changing Ideas, ed. by Charles Harrison, Paul Wood and Jason Gaiger, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
BARR, H. Alfred, Matisse, His Art and His Public, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1951.
────. Picasso: Fifty Years of His Art, New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1974.
BAUDELAIRE, Charles, “The Salon of 1846”, in Art in Paris, 1845-1862, Salons and Other Exhibitions Reviewed by Charles Baudelaire, trans. and ed. Jonathan MAYNE, Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1981.
────. ?uvres compl?tes, Paris: Gallimard, 1975.
BISTIS, Marguerite, Bergsonian in The Bell Epoque, Ann Arbor: UMI Researcher Press, 1989.
BRION-GUERRY, Lilliane, “The Elusive Goal”, in C?zanne: The Late Work, exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
CACHIN, Fran?oise, C?zanne, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.
DELACROIX, Eug?ne, The Journal of Eug?ne Delacroix, 2nd ed., trans. by Lucy Norton, Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1980.
DORAN, Michael, ed., Conversations with C?zanne, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
FECHNER, Gustave Theodor, “Aesthetics from Above and Below”, in Art in Theory, 1815-1900, ed. by Charles Harrison, Paul Wood and Jason Gaiger, Malden: Blackwell, 1998.
FLAM, Jack, Matisse, A Retrospective, New York: Park Lane, 1988.
────. Matisse on Art, rev. ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995.
FLEMING, William, Arts and Ideas, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.
FRY, Roger, C?zanne, A Study of His Development, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1962.
FRY, Edward F., Cubism, London: Thames and Hudson, 1966.
GASQUET, Joachim, Joachim Gasquet’s C?zanne, A Memoir with Conversation, London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.
GILLIES, Mary Ann, Henri Bergson and British Modernism, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996.
GOMBRICH, E. H., Art and Illusion, A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation, Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1989.
────. The Story of Art, 16th ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1995.
GOWING, Lawrence, “The Logic of Organized Sensations” in C?zanne, The Late Work, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
GROGIN, Robert Charles, The Bergsonian Controversy in France, 1900-1914, Calgary: The University of Calgary Press, 1988.
GSELL, Paul, Rodin on Art and Artist Conversation with Paul Gsell, trans. by Romilly Fedden, New York: Dover Publication, 1923.
GUNTER, Pete A. Y., Henri Bergson: A Bibliography, 2nd ed., Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, 1986.
HABERMAS, J?rgen, “Modernity - An Incomplete Project” in Hal Foster ed. Postmodern Culture, London & Sydney: Pluto Press, 1985.
HAMILTON, George Heard, “C?zanne, Bergson and The Image of Time”, College Art Journal, 16, no.1, (Fall 1956).
HAGSTRUM, Jean H., The Sister Arts, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
HAMLYM, D. W., Metaphysics, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
HARRIES, Karsten, The Meaning of Modern Art — A Philosophical Interpretation, Evanson: Northwestern University Press, 1968.
HARRISON, Charles, WOOD, Paul; GAIGER, Jason ed., Art in Theory, 1815-1900, an Anthology of Changing Ideas, Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
JANSON, H. W., History of Art, 4th ed., New York: H. N. Abrams, 1991.
JOHNSON, Lee Mckay, The Metaphors of Painting — Essays on Baudelaire, Ruskin, Proust and Pater, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1980.
KANT, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. by N. K. Smith, London: Macmillan, 1929.
LORAN, Erle, C?zanne’s Composition, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943.
LOSCH, Michael, The Sacred and he Profane: Mont Sainte-Victoire and Other Notions of Duality in The Paintings of Paul C?zanne, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1990.
MERLEAU-PONTY, Maurice, “C?zanne’s Doubt”(1945) in Sense and Non-sense, trans. by Hubert L. Drrefus and Patricia Allen Dreyfus, Northwestern University Press, 1964.
────.“Eye and Mind” in The Primacy of Perception, ed. James M. Edie, Northwestern University Press, 1964.
NORTON, Lucy ed., The Journal of Eug?ne Delacroix, 2nd ed., Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1980.
REWALD, John, The History of Impressionism, rev. and enlarged ed., New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1961.
────. C?zanne, A Biography, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986
────. Paul C?zanne, The Watercolors, A Catalogue Raisonn?, Boston: Little, Brown , 1983.
────. The Paintings of Paul C?zanne: A Catalogue Raisonn?, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.
REFF, Theodore, “Painting and Theory in the Final Decade”, in C?zanne: The late Work, exh. cat., New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
────. “C?zanne and Poussin”, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute, 23, nos. 1-2 (Jan. — Jun. 1960)
RUSSELL, Stella Pandell, Art in the World, Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
SCHAPIRO, Meyer, “The Apples of C?zanne: An Essay on The Meaning of Still-Life”, Art News Annual, 34(1968), in Modern Art, 19th and 20th Centuries, New York: George Braziller, 1979.
SHIFF, Richard, C?zanne and The End of Impressionism, Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1987.
STENDHAL (Marie Henri Beyle), De l’amour, English ed., On Love, London: Penguin Books, 1977.
TATARKIEWICZ, Wtadystaw, History of Aesthetics, trans. by Christopher Kasparek, Hingham: Kluwer Boston, 1980.
────. The History of Six Ideas, trans. by R. M. Montgomery, Paris: Mouton, 1974.
VENTURI, Lionello, C?zanne, Son Art — Son ?uvre, 2 vols., Paris: Editions Paul Rosenberg, 1936.
VOLLARD, Ambroise, C?zanne, trans. Harold L. van Doren, New York: Dover Publications, 1984
WINDELBAND, William, A History of Philosophy, New York: H
 
 
 
 
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