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題名:全民健保外科手術項目支付標準訂定之研究
作者:黃元惠
作者(外文):Yuan-Huei Huang
校院名稱:國立交通大學
系所名稱:科技管理研究所
指導教授:洪志洋
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:全民健保支付標準外科手術項目德菲法專家名義團體法層級分析法模糊多準則決策法National health insurancefee schedulesurgical proceduresDelphi methodanalytic hierarchy processfuzzy multiple criteria decision making
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我國全民健康保險於民國八十四年三月開始實施,制度設計屬於社會保險。全民健保的實施後,對我國醫療生態的影響很大,其中較為重大者,為沿用勞保時期之支付標準,許多項目自民國78年至今,未做合理調整,造成醫學界很大的衝擊。由於支付制度規劃上的限制,導致全體外科系所佔給付費用比率相當低。目前的支付標準訂定仍有許多問題存在,為了改善這些問題及有效凝聚外科專家對支付標準訂定之意見,以制訂合理的支付標準,本研究結合德菲法、專家名義團體法、層級分析法(AHP)、及模糊多準則決策法(FMCDM)之系統化的科學方法,來架構全民健保外科手術項目支付標準訂定之分析模型,以達到下列二項研究目的:
(1)整合外科各次專科專家對於健保手術項目支付標準值訂定之意見,達成外科界之共識,方便與健保局協商;
(2)建立外科各次專科健保手術項目支付標準訂定之分析模型,作為我國全民健保醫療費用支付標準訂定及費用調整時之參考。
本研究流程包括既有文獻分析、外科專家共識整合、建立AHP與FMCDM模型、及模型實證分析等,以有效整合外科專家之意見,及訂定外科手術項目支付標準。其中外科專家共識整合是以德菲法與專家名義團體法進行;與訂定支付標準相關之考量因素權重值是由AHP模型求出;FMCDM模型用於計算各次專科手術基準項的相對值;最後計算出整體外科手術項目之支付標準總表。
本研究總共舉行19場次的會議,外科九個次專科共214人參與研究。研究結果顯示,外科各次專科專家可以接受此方法,有效達成共識及建立協商基礎。完整且客觀的參考資料、科學化的分析方法與理性的思考模式,是訂定合理外科手術項目支付標準的關鍵。
Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) program was established on March, 1995. The payment system design for Taiwan’s NHI belongs to social insurance. The payment system of Taiwan’s NHI is followed that of the era of previous Government Employee/Labor Health Insurance. Many items issued from 1989 were not rationally adjusted. The inherent structures make irrational fee schedule biases and have affected the medical ecosystem. Following the implementation of NHI, the ratio of overall payments to surgical specialties was quite low due to many innate restrictions of the fee schedule in the payment system. For improving the weaknesses and establishing a rational fee schedule by precisely capture surgical experts’ opinions, this study aims to design a systemic scientific framework, which including: Delphi method, nominal group technique, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (FMCDM) for contructing the analytic models, to achieve the following two purposes:
(1) Integrate the opinions of surgical specialties about the establishment of NHI’s fee schedule for surgical procedures.
(2) Construct the analytic models for surgical specilities to establishing the rational fee schedule of surgical procedures in the NHI’s program.
The main processes of this study including: literatures review, survey and integrate experts’ opinions, build the AHP and FMCDM models, and empirical study of the models. Through theses processes, we can condense the surgical experts’ opinion by using Delphi method and nominal group technique. The AHP model was constructed for getting the relative weighting of each considering factors. For establishing fee schedule for surgical procedures in a NHI program, we use the FMCDM model. Finally, a new fee schedule for surgical department was completed.
Nineteen meetings were held, and three were 214 surgical experts participated in this study. The results of our study strongly support that the models constructed are effective in forming a consensus among surgical specialists. The key success factors of establishing the rational fee schedule for surgical procedures depend on complete and objective data, scientific analytic methods and rational thinking process.
一、 中文部分:按作者姓名筆畫順序遞增排序
1. 中央健康保險局:全民健康保險醫療費用支付標準相對值表研訂計畫-專科內服務項目相對值研訂手冊,2001。
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4. 李玉春、鄧宗業:建構權責相符的醫療服務支付制度,全民健保醫療資源配置與合理使用,行政院衛生署,2004;114-154。
5. 李玉春:醫療成本變異大 標準成本爭議多--應用成本分析於全民健保醫療費用支付標準之探討 會計研究月刊,1995;118:107-113。
6. 李玉春、許玫玲:全民健康保險支付標準協商模式之建立,衛生報導,1995;5: 22-27。
7. 李玉春、林蕙卿:全民健康保險支付標準協商模式之檢討與改革之芻議,醫院,1996;29:1-9。
8. 李玉春:全民健保西醫總額支付制度之推動政策 ---基層與醫院預算之分立或統合,台灣醫界,2001;l44(7):43-47。
9. 宋文娟、藍忠孚、陳琇玲等 台灣醫師人力政策當前重要課題之專家意見分析,中華衛誌,1999;18(5):334-340。new window
10. 沈富雄:新世紀新政府談全民健保之改革,台灣醫界,2000;43(9):35-38。
11. 林夢陸:訂定醫師費計算基準—淺釋醫療資源相對價值表(RBRVS),醫院,1994;27: 37-42。
12. 吳重慶、葉淑娟:全民健保現況與回顧,台灣醫界,2001a;44(5):55-57。
13. 吳重慶、葉淑娟:總額預算的多元化支付制度,台灣醫界,2001b; 44(6):55-57。
14. 吳佳容:全民健保支付標準修訂過程之觀察--以八十六年五月十五日公告之外科調整案為例,醫院,1997;30:65-70。
15. 吳凱勳:「醫療費用支付標準的訂定」座談會,全民健康保險,1996;4:11-17。
16. 洪政武:健保扭曲醫療生態,醫生尊嚴今非昔比,國策專刊 2001;17:19-21。
17. 洪碧蘭:支付標準現況與問題探討,醫院,1997;30(6):22-27。
18. 洪碧蘭、楊志良:健保支付與醫界生態關係之初探,醫院,1998;31:41-60。
19. 陳星助 林素雲:全民健保實施論病例計酬支付制度後疾病嚴重度變化情形探討--以臺灣東部某區域醫院外科住院常見疾病為例,醫院,2000;33(1): 32-40。
20. 陳琇玲、黃文駿、溫信財等:牙科處置藥品及材料成本相對值之初探,臺灣公共衛生雜誌,2002;21(2):133-139。new window
21. 陳琇玲、溫信財、楊志良等:試以相對價值表(RVS)訂定醫師費計算基準--以牙科79個處置為例,中華公共衛生雜誌,2000;19(6):411-422。new window
22. 張鴻仁:全民健康保險醫療費用支付制度之研究,行政院經濟建設委員會研究報告,1990;6-29;44-49;57-64。
23. 張顯洋 林照陽:以作業基礎成本制構建醫院醫療成本資訊系統之實證研究 醫院1996;29(6):5-29。
24. 張金堅、陳炯年、朱樹勳:全民健保後外科醫師人力之調查與分析 醫學教育1998;2:45-53。new window
25. 張錦文、黃淑雅:台灣醫療制度的四大問題與解決之道 醫院 1998;31(2):1-4。
26. 張北葉、洪志洋:「全民健康保險醫療費用支付標準手術項目科內相對值建立模式及影響因素研究---以外科各次專科為例」,中央健保局委託研究報告(計畫編號:DOH91-NH-1040),2004。
27. 張北葉、洪志洋:「全民健康保險醫療費用手術項目支付標準之訂定模式---以外科各次專科為例」,中央健保局委託研究報告(計畫編號:DOH93-NH-1002),2005。
28. 葉金川:全民健康保險傳奇,董氏基金會出版,2002:163-187。
29. 楊志良、陳琇玲、溫信財等:牙科處置資源耗用相對價值表之研探,臺灣公共衛生雜誌,2001;20(6):475-484。new window
30. 楊志良、陳琇玲、徐慧娟等:探討三種支付標準相對值方法﹍美國RBRVS、健保局模式、台大台中模式之比較 台灣醫界 2002;45(9):50-55。
31. 黃元惠、王貴英、洪志洋等:全民健保實施後外科專科醫師人力下降的可能因素探討,台灣醫界2004a;47:40-44。
32. 黃元惠、王貴英、洪志洋等:淺論健保支付制度、支付基準、支付標準與支付制度改革,台灣醫界,2004b;47(7):49-51。
33. 黃元惠、張北葉、洪志洋等:以模糊多準則決策法建立一般外科手術支付標準,台灣醫學,2005a; 9(3):323-331。
34. 黃元惠、張北葉、洪志洋等:全民健保支付標準相對值考量因素之研究----以小兒科為例,醫院雜誌,2005b;38(1):55-63。
35. 黃元惠、張北葉、洪志洋等:全民健保外科手術項目新支付標準之分析,台灣醫界,2005c;48(7)。
36. 黃元惠、洪志洋、趙文鴻,「科技管理與臨床工程」,2003;46(9):52-53。
37. 劉見祥:全民健保支付制度之趨勢,醫院,1999;32:15-20。
38. 劉順仁、楊志良、鄭旭然:公立教學醫院實施責任中心制度之初步成效及成本控制相關因素之個案研究,管理評論,1997;16(1):85-114。new window
39. 鄧昇謨:醫療院所成本動因之個案研究--文獻探討,和春學報,1998;5:167-182。
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41. 賴淑美、楊銘欽、李玉春等:醫療資源配置改革與規劃策略,全民健保醫療資源配置與合理使用,行政院衛生署,2004;5-62。
42. 錢橙山:全民健保對台灣醫療生態的衝擊,台灣醫界,2001;44(4):47。
43. 盧瑞芬、謝啟瑞:支付制度的經濟誘因探討,醫療經濟學,學富文化事業有限公司,2000: 297-323。
44. 蘇瑞勇:淺論全民健保之「總額支付制度」,高雄醫師會誌,2000(10):45-50。
45. 蕭子誼:探究全民健保之自助、互助性社會福利功能,主計月報,1993;76:3-10。


二、英文部分:按作者名字第一個字母順序遞增排序
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