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題名:運用資料包絡分析法衡量臺灣地區醫療資源公平性之研究
作者:陳稚均
作者(外文):Zhi-Jun Chen
校院名稱:銘傳大學
系所名稱:管理研究所博士班
指導教授:李銓
林進財
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2010
主題關鍵詞:醫療公平性資料包絡分析效能Rasch模型地理資訊系統medical care equitydata envelopment analysiseffectiveness and Rasch modelGeographic information systems
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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國家制定醫療照護政策時必須面對公平性與效率的選擇。但國內、外相關的文獻,大多著墨於效率的探討,而忽略公平性的考量,且在衡量效能(或效率)時,通常使用比例法或指標法。然而,在評估二個組織的效能時,若只有比例資料,除非有一組織其每一比例項目皆優於另一組織,否則我們很難在沒有一組權重予以加權,或一個函數給予轉換之前評定何者較優,況且權重的設定及函數的選擇也頗具主觀成份。其次,台灣在實施全民健保後,全民所繳交健保費用的規定並無不同,而所享受之醫療資源確有很大差異,但衡量各醫療區域公平之客觀指標卻極缺乏。因此,本文從可近性的平等、需要的平等、健康的平等、選擇集的平等及醫療費用的平等五個構面,來衡量台灣地區醫療區域公平性。本文以效能為基礎且考慮有無外生產出情況下的DEA模型,並結合Rasch模型建構一個新的Rasch-DEA模型,來求算領域保證法限制式的權重,且將其納入評估過程中,使Rasch-DEA模型之結果更符合現實情況,並且將結果與傳統無保證領域限制式下的DEA模型結果做比較。最後,本文運用地理資訊系統與分析結果結合,以視覺化圖形呈現醫療之區域照護資源分配情形,使決策者透過地圖,能快速、清楚與準確的解釋醫療區域醫療照護分配之公平性等狀況。再者,本文藉此效能來評估健保實施後台灣地區醫療區域的醫療公平性之狀況及其變化情形,以做為政府對醫療資源投入與控制之依據,並使民眾所享之醫療資源日趨公平。
Equity and efficiency are major considerations in the design of national health care policy. However, most of the related literature focuses on investigating efficiency and while neglecting equity. Furthermore, commonly used methods for evaluating the equity include the proportional and index methods. However, both the proportional and index methods are single objective methods, when multiple objectives require evaluation, a set of weights must be provided for calculating a weighted average or a function must be provided for conversion; furthermore, weight setting and the function selection are highly subjective. Furthermore, since the implementation of national health insurance in Taiwan, all citizens pay identical insurance fees, but the medical resources to which they have access differ significantly among areas. Besides, few objective indexes exist for evaluating equity in individual areas of healthcare. Therefore, this study evaluates the equity of each area in Taiwan using five perspectives, including: equality of access, equity of needs, equality of health, equality of choice sets and equality of expenditures. Meanwhile, the EDA model based on effectiveness and considering exogenous output and this study combined Rasch model and DEA Assurance Region Analysis to build the new Rasch-DEA mode that using Rasch model to decide the upper and lower limit is performed to determine the effectiveness of equity. Finally, this study display visual map with distribution of medical care resources by using the geographic information systems (GIS), so that decision-makers through the map can fast, clear and accurate interpretation of the equity of each area in Taiwan.
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