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題名:被教養經驗詮釋對親職現象之影響
作者:陳姝蓉
作者(外文):Chen, Shu-Jung
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系
指導教授:高淑貞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2020
主題關鍵詞:被教養經驗依附關係內在運作模式教養類型親子互動raised experienceattachment relationshipinternal working modelparenting typeparent-child interaction
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究主要探究父母自身的被教養經驗,如何影響其成為父母之後的教養態度、信念與行為。研究採用共識質性分析為研究典範,採用深度訪談、親子互動錄影、自填量表等三種方式收集資料,資料分析乃是「由下而上」從現象中擷取核心意義。依據五對親子的資料統整得到以下之結果:
一、 代間教養之傳遞與改變:
家庭規則與正向被教養經驗經常會成為代間傳遞的核心價值觀,但需要適應時代變遷,修正教養的形式與作法。而祖父母代傾向權威型教養,使親代呈現行為上獨立但情感上卻渴望連結。因而成為父母後,企圖追求與上一世代教養的差異,傾向強調與子代間的情感連結。但當親代缺乏被涵容的經驗時,較難適度給予情感的回應,以至於產生強迫性複製祖父母代的教養模式。
二、 以親代為主體所形成的教養影響親子互動
親代所提供的教養,源於彌補自己未滿足的依附需求,但面對子代不同的需求,可能出現親子互動的不適配性。當親代沒有覺察時,則不自覺地期待子代能滿足自己的依附需求,如同早年為滿足父母需求而自我壓抑一般,造成未滿足依附需求的代間傳遞。
三、 親代自我覺察之發現
親代自我覺察可包含主動學習與自我觀察與被動接受回饋的過程,且基於親代之開放性,使得回饋之訊息得以促進覺察,深度訪談過程提供之理解性傾聽,可視為一種回饋親代的方式。而探討父母教養類型,則有助於親代作為覺察之參考指標。親代對自身教養行為的意識提高後,則有機會重新思考,選擇適配於子代需求的教養行為。
研究建議與青少年父母工作,需培養家庭為一個系統的眼光,視孩子同為服務的主體,並與父母連結,以形成工作同盟。另外建議可運用內在運作模式進行親子關係評估,以及運用親子觀察技術,輔助收集表情、情緒或互動氣氛等非語言訊息。未來的研究方向,可嘗試加入性別對親子關係及教養的影響、對偶研究以豐富親子雙方之觀點,以及探討伴侶關係對教養合作性的影響。
This study mainly explores how the raised experiences affect parents to be father and mother. The ConsensualQualitative Research as the research paradigm , and data collect in three ways, including in-depth interviews, parent-child interaction videos, and self report scales. According to the participant of five pair of parents and children, researcher extract the core meaning from the phenomenon "from the bottom up.", and the following results were obtained:
1. Continuity and change of intergenerational parenting:
Family rules and positive raised experience often become the core values passed between generations, but the forms of practices of parenting need to modify to fit to the changing times. Grandparents tend to authoritative and controlling, which makes parents independent in action but eager to connect in emotional aspect. Therefore, after becoming a parent, they tried to make difference of the parenting model and tended to have more emotional connection with their kids. However, when the parents lack of the emotional contained experience, it is difficult to respond appropriately to children and forcefully reproduce the grandparents' parentingmodel.
2. The parenting made by parents as the subject affect the parent-child interaction
The parents offer the parenting from their unmet attachment needs, but the parenting may not fit children’s own needs. However, when parents lack of awareness, they unconsciously expect the children can comfort them just like their parents.When parents can’t take good care of children then the unmet attachment needs will continuity.
3. The discovery of parental self-awareness
Parental self-awareness can include the process of active learning, self-observation, and passive acceptance of feedback. Based on the openness of parents, the feedback can promote awareness. The understanding listening provided by the in-depth interview process can be regarded as a kind of feedback to the parents. Exploring the type of parenting can help parents as a reference indicator of awareness. When parentshave more self-awareness, they have the opportunity to choose the suitable way to fit children’s needs.
Suggestions of the research are: 1. To develop the family as a systemic visionto include the parents with adolescents.2. To connect with parents and make the working alliance.3.Try to assessment the parent-child relationship by the concept of Internal Working Model. 4.Using the observation technique to approach parent-child non-verbal information such as expressions, emotions, or interactive atmospheres. Maybe add the impact of gender on parent-child relationships and parenting, dual interviews to enrich the perspectives of parents and children, and explore the impact of partnership on parenting cooperation can be try in the future research.
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