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題名：家庭因素與子女行為：臺灣研究的評析
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：楊國樞 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yang, Kuo-shu
出版日期：1986
卷期：28:1
頁次：頁7-28
主題關鍵詞：家庭因素；子女行為；臺灣
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(56) 博士論文(16) 專書(6) 專書論文(2)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:56
  • 共同引用共同引用:304
  • 點閱點閱:1643
　　　　　過去三十多年來，此間的心理學者、教育學者、犯罪學者、精神醫學者及其他社會與行為科學家，曾先後從事五十多項探討家庭因素是否影響子女行為的實徵性研究。其中，探討家庭組成因素對子女行為的影響者約有八項，探討產序排行對子女行為的影響者約有九項，探討社經地位對子女行為的影響者約有十九項，探討教養方式對子女行為的影響者約有四十四項。經就上述四類研究的結果加以綜合與歸納，獲得多項暫時性的結論。惟以往之有關研究在理論與方法兩方面多有可加訾議之處，對此等結論的可靠性應持審慎態度。大體而言，在理論與方法兩方面，過去的研究約有以下幾項缺失：（1）理論基礎的缺乏或薄弱，（2）概念架構的粗疏與簡陋，（3）研究方法的限制或問題。文中曾就以上三類缺失加以討論，並進而提出可行的改進建議。
　　　　　The present paper attempts to provide a systematic review of more than 50 empirical studies on the effects of family factors on the behavior of Chinese children and adolescents in Taiwan, conducted in the last 30 years. A number of conclusions may be tentatively drawn as a result of such a literature review. First, eight studies have been published on the influence of factors of family composition.Some studies reported that children from nuclear family (NF) did better in their scholastic performance, as compared to those from stem and extended families (SF and EF); that the scholastic achievement of children from broken families was poorer than that of those fromun broken ones; and that children from larger families displayed a lower level of scholastic performance, but a higher level of language development, than those from smaller families. Other studies found that NF and SF children were more closed-minded than EF ones; that NF children and adolescents were higher in their sense of political efficacy than SF and EFones; and that father absence would lead to over-masculinity and maladjustment in the child. Second, nine studies have provided data on the effects of sibling position on child behavior. Inconsistent findings have been reported concerning the relationships of birth order tosuch psychological characteristics as psychogenic needs, ability in creative thinking, and levelin moral judgment. No definite conclusions can be drawn about the effects of ordinal positionon delinquent behavior, because of the unsoundness of the research design of the relevant studies. In some studies, however, only children were found to have a higher chance to besent by their parents to a psychological clinic for mental or behavior problems than those occupying other sibling positions. Third, 19 studies have reported data on the relationship between family socio-economicstatus (SES) and child behavior. It has been generally found that children and adolescents from families with a lower SES tend to be higher in delinquent and problem behavior andlower in intelligence, self-esteem, scholastic achievement, and the adequacy of study habits and attitudes. It has also been found that mother employment seems to be a disadvantage to the psychological well-being of the child: children having an employed mother are lower in their sense of security, higher in their aggressive and dependent behavior, and poorer in their adjustment in the relationship to mother. Finally, more than 44 studies have been devoted to the investigation of the relationships of child-rearing attitudes and practices to child behavior. Major findings are as follows: (1) Such child-rearing attitudes and behavior as acceptance, positive regard, and proper restraint had a positive effect on the child's self concept and self assertion, whereas authoritarianness a negative effect. (2) Rejection, strictness, and over-protection tended to be harmful to the development of achievement motive of the child. (3) Parental love, proper restraint, nonmaterial reward, and independence training were beneficial to the development of belief in internal control of reinforcement and to that of the disposition of internal causal attribution, whereas rejection, neglect, looseness, strictness, and arbitrary reward and punishment were harmful. (4) Good parent-child relationship and democratic parental attitudes and behavior had a positive effect on the development of the child's cognitive and creative abilities, whereas poor parent-child relationship and arbitrary interference a neglative effect. (5) Authoritarian child-rearing attitudes and behavior were disadvantageous to the development of the child's moral judgments. (6) Parental love, regard, warmth, reward, justice, and consistency had apositive effect on the scholastic achievement of the child, whereas rejection, neglect, strictnessand punishment a negative effect. (7) Parental love, regard, and reward had a positive effecton the social and emotional adjustment of the child, whereas rejection, neglect, control,strictness, inconsistency, punishment, authoritarianness, and over-protection a negative effect. (8) Parental love, regard, warmth, reward, and reasoning had a preventive effect on the child'sdelinquent and problem behaviors, whereas rejection, threat, strictness, inconsistency, authoritarianness, over-protection, and physical punishment a facilitating effect.
期刊論文
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12.Olweus, D.(1980)。Familial and temperamental determinants of aggressive behavior in adolescent boys: A causal analysis。Developmental Psychology，16，644-660。  new window
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14.Bell, Richard Q.(1968)。A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization。Psychological Review，75(2)，81-95。  new window
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16.莊英章(19720900)。臺灣農村家族對現代化的適應：一個田野調查實例的分析。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，34，85-98。  延伸查詢new window
17.蘇建文(19760600)。國中高低成就學生心目中父母教養態度之分析。教育心理學報，9，21-31。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.楊瑞珠、楊國樞(19761200)。兒童內外控信念的先決及後果變項。中華心理學刊，18，105-119。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.Schaefer, Earl S.(1959)。A Circumplex Model for Maternal Behavior。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，59，226-235。  new window
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21.林生傳(19810600)。現代核心家庭父母角色扮演及其與子女行為適應的關係。教育學刊，3，222-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.黃文瑛(19760900)。父母管教態度與國中學生人格特質關係之研究。思與言，14(3)，41-60。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.席汝楫(19750600)。少年犯罪的各種因素。社會建設，23，48-59。  延伸查詢new window
24.柯永河(19730000)。Birth order and Psychological needs。中華心理學刊，15，68-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.楊國樞、梁望惠(19730000)。Some Correlates of Achievement Motivation Among Chinese High-school Boys。中華心理學刊，15，59-67。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.洪光遠、楊國樞(19790900)。歸因特質的測量與研究。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，48，89-154。  延伸查詢new window
27.Rosen, Bernard C.(1961)。Family Structure and Achievement Motivation。American Sociological Review，26(4)，574-585。  new window
28.簡茂發(19780600)。父母教養態度與小學兒童生活適應之關係。教育心理學報，11，63-85。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.陳小娥、蘇建文(19770600)。父母教養行為與少年生活適應。教育心理學報，10，91-106。new window  延伸查詢new window
30.席汝楫(19750200)。少年犯罪的各種因素。社會建設，22，21-31。  延伸查詢new window
31.賴保禎(19820400)。貧困家庭中少年犯罪原因之研究。輔導月刊，18(5/6)，48-30。  延伸查詢new window
32.Biller, H. B.、Borstelmann, L. J.(1967)。Masculine development: An integrative review。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development，13(4)，253-294。  new window
33.Ch, C. P.(1970)。A study of the effects of maternal employment for the preschool children in Taiwan。Acta Psychologica Taiwanica，12，80-100。  new window
34.Ch, C. P.(1974)。Parental attitudes in relation to young children's creativity: Crosscultural comparison。Acta Psychologica Taiwanica，16，53-72。  new window
35.Ch, C. P.(1975)。The development of differential cognitive abilities in relation to children's perceptions of their parents。Acta Psychologica Taiwanica，17，47-62。  new window
36.Collins, A. A.、Bukger, C. K.(1970)。The self concept of inner city and suburban youth。Psychology Abstracts，44(6)，690。  new window
37.柯永河、林禮惠(19660300)。The Relationships between Personality and Ordinal Position Among University Students。國立臺灣大學理學院心理學系研究報告，8，29-37。  延伸查詢new window
38.柯永河、孫隴珠(19650300)。Ordinal Position and the Behavior of Visiting the Child Guidance Clinic。國立臺灣大學理學院心理學系研究報告，7，10-16。  延伸查詢new window
39.Macarthur, C.(1956)。Personalities of first and second children。Psychiatry，19，47-54。  new window
40.Peterson, G. W.、Southvvorth, L. E.、Peters, D. F.(1983)。Children's self-esteem and maternal behavior in three low-income samples。Psychological Reports，52，79-86。  new window
41.Smith, T. E.(1983)。Adolescent reactions to attempted parental control and influence techniques。Journal of Marriage and the Family，45，533-542。  new window
42.孫隴珠、柯永河(19660300)。Ordinal Position and the Behavior of Visiting the Child Guidance Clinic (Report II)。國立臺灣大學理學院心理學系研究報告，8，92-95。  延伸查詢new window
43.周天賜、吳武典(19800100)。國中文化貧乏學生身心特質之調查研究。測驗年刊，27，9-22。new window  延伸查詢new window
44.楊國樞(19810600)。中國人的性格與行為：形成及蛻變。中華心理學刊，23(1)，39-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
45.Hoffman, Lois W.(1974)。Effects of Maternal Employment on the Child: A Review of the Recent。Developmental Psychology，10(2)，204-228。  new window
46.陳英豪(19771100)。我國青少年道德判斷的發展及其影響的因素。高雄師院學報，6，343-410。  延伸查詢new window
47.袁頌西(19721100)。家庭權威模式、教養方式與兒童之政治功效意識：景美研究。思與言，10(4)，35-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
48.蘇建文(19751200)。父母教養方式與少年道德行為。中華心理學刊，17，109-124。new window  延伸查詢new window
49.謝廣全(19790500)。少年犯與非少年犯人格因素及父母管教態度之比較研究。輔導學報，2，39-58。new window  延伸查詢new window
50.楊淑珍(19800500)。父母管教態度、社會焦慮及學業成就。輔導學報，3，179-191。new window  延伸查詢new window
51.Adams, Gerald R.、Jones, Randy M.(1983)。Female Adolescents' Identity Development: Age Comparisons and Perveived Child-rearing Experience。Developmental Psychology，19(2)，249-256。  new window
52.Baumrind, Diana(1971)。Current Patterns of Parental Authority。Developmental Psychology，4(1 Pt. 2)，1-103。  new window
會議論文
1.賴澤涵、陳寬政(1985)。臺灣的社會變遷與家庭制度。加強家庭教育促進社會和諧學術研討會，行政院研究發展考核委員會 。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.林憲、林信男(1978)。犯罪及虞犯青少年之家庭背景。社會變遷中的青少年問題研討會。中央研究院民族學研究所。343-354。  延伸查詢new window
3.鍾思嘉(1985)。家庭氣氛與管教態度對青少年偏差行為之影響。加強社會教育促進社會和諧學術論文研討會，行政院研究發展考核委員會、中國社會學社 。  延伸查詢new window
4.楊國樞(1985)。現代社會的新孝道。現代生活態度研討會。台北：中華文化復興運動推行委員會。  延伸查詢new window
5.余德慧(1985)。家庭親職功能對減低子女偏差行為的效應分析。加強家庭教育促進社會和諧學術研討會，行政院研究發展考核委員會 。行政院研究發展考核委員會。262-291。  延伸查詢new window
6.朱瑞玲、楊國樞(1978)。家庭與社區環境對國中學生問題行為的影響。「社會變遷中的青少年問題」研討會。臺北市。11-28。  延伸查詢new window
7.賴保禎(1978)。國民中學在校學生犯罪原因。社會變遷中的青少年問題研討會。臺北市：中央研究院民族研究所。140-160。  延伸查詢new window
8.吳澄波、余德慧(1978)。虞犯青少年輔導工作之檢討與改進。社會變遷中的青少年問題研討會。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
9.林正文(1982)。各類少年犯行為困擾與父母教養態度關係比較。社會變遷中的犯罪問題及其對策研討會。臺北市：中國社會學社。  延伸查詢new window
10.賴保禎(1982)。少年犯罪類型與家庭因素之研究。社會變遷中的犯罪問題及其對策研討會。臺北市：中國社會學社。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.高淑貴、鄭美蓮(1981)。變遷社會中母子關係調適之研究--職業婦女與家庭主婦之比較。  延伸查詢new window
2.高希均、陸光、謝美娥、陳淑英(1984)。青少年非行及濫用藥物原因之分析。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.李然堯(1984)。中國兒童性別角色發展之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃正發(1976)。少年犯罪家庭因素之研究(碩士論文)。中央警官學校。  延伸查詢new window
3.許啟義(1978)。台北市犯罪少年與一般少年父母管教態度及生活適應之比較研究(178)。中央警官學校。  延伸查詢new window
4.蘇發興(1971)。台北地區正常與犯罪少年父母管教態度之比較研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.黃富順(1973)。影響國中學生學業成就的家庭因素(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
6.孫敏華(1982)。職業婦女與家庭主婦的生活滿意度及其子女之人格適應性別刻板化與成就動機之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.蔡順良(1983)。師大學生家庭環境因素教育背景與自我肯定性之關係暨自我肯定訓練效果研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
8.陳淑惠(1981)。母親就業與否親子互動行為與子女社會行為(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
9.鄭金謀(1976)。產序、社經地位、父母教養方式與兒童創造行為的關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
10.單文經(1980)。道德判斷發展與家庭影響因素之關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
11.王明玉(1968)。社會經濟地位及子女性別如何影響父母育兒方式(178)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
12.史濟鍠(1968)。臺北地區正常與問題少年個案調查與輔導成果之比較(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
13.林詔彤(1976)。親子關係與少年犯罪之研究(碩士論文)。文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
14.林登飛(1967)。臺灣問題少年形成的原因及其輔導方法(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
15.黃宜儀(1975)。父母管教態度與少年問題行為相關研究(碩士論文)。文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
16.鄭玉英(1983)。操作性制約論導向親職訓練方案之效果研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
17.謝季宏(1973)。智力、學習習慣、成就動機及家長社會地位與國中學生學業成就之關係(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
18.王玉屏(1980)。國中低收入學生行為困擾、學習態度與學業成就之調查研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
19.吳金香(1978)。父母教養方式與國中學生自我觀念的關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
20.曾一泓(1976)。國中學生的控制信念與父母的控制信念及教養方式之關係(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
21.羅惠筠(1979)。父母管教方式與少年子女的生活適應(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Schachter, Stanley(1959)。The Psychology of Affiliation。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
2.陳義彥(1978)。臺灣地區大學生政治社會化之研究。臺北：嘉新水泥公司文化基金會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Hollingshead, A. B.(1957)。Two factor index of social position。Yale University Press。  new window
4.周震歐、簡茂發、葉重新、高金桂(1982)。臺灣地區男性少年犯罪與親職病理的研究。台北：桂冠圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
5.Lavin, David E.(1965)。The Prediction of Academic Performance: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Research。New York：Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
6.林生傳(1975)。學生學業成就的社會環境因素研究。高雄：炘光出版社。  延伸查詢new window
7.Coopersmith, Stanley(1967)。The Antecedents of Self-esteem。San Francisco, CA：W. H. Freeman and Co.。  new window
8.Glueck, S.、Glueck, T. E.(1950)。Unravelling juvenile delinquency。New York：MacMillan。  new window
9.Adler, A.(1931)。What life should mean to you。Boston, MA：Little Brown。  new window
10.Sears, Robert R.、Maccoby, Eleanor E.、Levin, H.(1957)。Patterns of Child Rearing。Evanston, Ill：Row Peterson。  new window
11.馬傳鎮(1978)。台灣地區犯罪少年與一般少年之比較研究--人格特質與父母管教態度之差異。台北：中國行為科學社。  延伸查詢new window
12.Whiting, John W. M.、Child, Irving L.(1953)。Child training and personality: A cross-cultural study。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
13.葉重新(1980)。不同家庭社經水準青少年人格特質之比較研究。台北市：大洋出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.Forde, C. D.(1934)。Habitat, Economy and Society。London：Methuen and Co. Ltd.。  new window
15.Hollingshead, A. B.、Redlich, F. C.(1958)。Social class and mental illness: A community study。New York：Wiley。  new window
16.Douglas, J. W. B.(1964)。The home and the school。London：Macgibbon & Kee。  new window
17.許春金(1985)。親子關係與青少年犯罪之研究。臺北市：行政院研究發展考核委員會。  延伸查詢new window
18.Damas, D.(1969)。Ecological essays。  new window
19.Dollard, J.、Miller, N. E.(1950)。Personality and psychotherapy: An analysis in terms of learning, thinking, and culture。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
20.Freud, S.(1924)。Collected papers。London：Hogarth。  new window
21.Glueck, Sheldon、Glueck, Eleanor T.(1934)。One thousand juvenile delinquents。Cambridge：Harvard University Press。  new window
22.Vayda, A. P.(1969)。Environment and cultural behavior。New York：National History Press。  new window
23.White, R. W.(1963)。The study of lives。New York：Atherton Press。  new window
24.Yarrow, M. R.、Campbell, J. D.、Burton, R. V.(1968)。Child Rearing: An Inquiry Into Research and Methods。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
25.Erikson, Erik Homburger(1963)。Childhood and Society。W. W. Norton Publishing Co.。  new window
26.Bandura, Albert、Walters, Richard H.(1963)。Social Learning and Personality Development。Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
27.Herzberg, Frederick、Mausner, Bernard、Snyderman, Barbara Bloch(1959)。The Motivation to Work。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
28.Sullivan, Harry Stack、Perry, Helen S.、Gawel, M. L.(1953)。The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry。Routledge。  new window
29.Short, James F. Jr.、Strodtbeck, Fred L.(1965)。Group Process and Gang Delinquency。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。  new window
其他
1.Kennedy, M. T.(1971)。The relationship of achievement to different socioeconomic status levels for selected groups of tenth grade students in a public and a private high school。  new window
圖書論文
1.Aronfreed, J.(1969)。The concept of internalization。Handbook of socialization theory and research。Chicago：Rand McNally。  new window
2.Becker, W. C.(1964)。Consequences of different kinds of parental disciplines。Review of child development research。Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
3.Chance, June E.(1972)。Academic Correlates and Maternal Antecedents of Children's Belief of Internal Control of Reinforcement。Applications of a Social Learning Theory of Personality。New York：Holt, Rinehart & Winston。  new window
4.Mischel, Waltar、Mischel, Harriet N.(1976)。A Cognitive Social-learning Approach to Morality and Self-regulation。Moral Development and Behavior。New York：Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
5.Saltzstein, Herbert D.(1976)。Social Influence and Moral Development: A Perspective on the Role of Parents and Peers。Moral Development and Behavior。New York：Holt, Rinehart and Winston。  new window
6.Magnusson, D.、Endler, N. S.(1977)。Interactional psychology: Present status and future prospects。Personality at the crossroads: Current Issues in interactional psychology。Hillsdale, N.J.：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
7.謝繼昌(1982)。中國家族研究的檢討。社會及行為科學研究的中國化。臺北：中央研究院民族學研究所。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.楊國樞、楊有維、蕭育汾(1974)。學前與國小兒童口頭語言之發展及其相關因素。中國兒童行為的發展。臺北市：寰宇出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.賴澤涵(1982)。我國家庭的組成、權力結構及婦女地位之變遷。社會科學整合論文集。台北：中央研究院三民主義研究所。  延伸查詢new window
10.Clausen, J. A.(1966)。Family structure, socialization, and personality。Review of child development research。New York：Russell Sage Foundation。  new window
11.Hess, R. D.(1970)。Social class and ethnic influences on socialization。Carmichael's manual of child psychology。New York：Wiley。  new window
12.Lepper, M. R.(1982)。Social control processes, attributions of motivation, and the internalization of social values。Social cognition and social behavior: Developmental perspectives。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
13.Maccoby, E. E.、Martin, J. A.(1983)。Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-Child interaction。Handbook of child psychology (vol. 4): Socialization, personality, and social development。Wiley。  new window
 
 
 
 
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