From recent household poverty trends, some researchers have found that the poverty rate for elderly households has been declining. After examining their family resources, we discovered that government income transfers were one of their major income sources. The focus of this study is to determine whether the decline in the elderly poverty rate was caused by the infusion of government income transfers. This study first measured the changes in the family resources of elderly households before and after the transfers, and then analyzed the differences to understand the effects of the transfers on the overall poverty rates among elderly households. One of this study's findings is that, from 1990 to 2000, government income transfers were relied on by single elderly person households and elderly couple households, and had certain effects on lowering their poverty rates and narrowing their poverty gaps. In other words, government income transfers did lessen the adversity of these elderly households in poverty. Among the types of elderly households, single elderly person household had the most visible improvement with the largest decrease in both the poverty rate and poverty gap; the effects of government income transfers were most prominent for this type of household in the period from 1990 to 2000.